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These course notes are about computing modular forms and some of their arithmetic properties. Their aim is to explain and prove the modular symbols algorithm in as elementary and as explicit terms as possible, and to enable the devoted…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-09-14 Gabor Wiese

We give an algebraic characterization of the syntax and semantics of a class of languages with variable binding. We introduce a notion of 2-signature: such a signature specifies not only the terms of a language, but also reduction rules on…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Benedikt Ahrens

The algebraic properties of the combination of probabilistic choice and nondeterministic choice have long been a research topic in program semantics. This paper explains a formalization in the Coq proof assistant of a monad equipped with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Reynald Affeldt , Jacques Garrigue , David Nowak , Takafumi Saikawa

We give an account of the basic combinatorial structure underlying the notion of type dependency. We do so by considering the category of all dependent sequent calculi, and exhibiting it as the category of algebras for a monad on a presheaf…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-02-28 Richard Garner

Free monads (and their variants) have become a popular general-purpose tool for representing the semantics of effectful programs in proof assistants. These data structures support the compositional definition of semantics parameterized by…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Yao Li , Stephanie Weirich

In these lecture notes, we give a brief introduction to some elements of category theory. The choice of topics is guided by applications to functional programming. Firstly, we study initial algebras, which provide a mathematical…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Benedikt Ahrens , Kobe Wullaert

Capretta's delay monad can be used to model partial computations, but it has the "wrong" notion of built-in equality, strong bisimilarity. An alternative is to quotient the delay monad by the "right" notion of equality, weak bisimilarity.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-06-28 Thorsten Altenkirch , Nils Anders Danielsson , Nicolai Kraus

Automata learning has been successfully applied in the verification of hardware and software. The size of the automaton model learned is a bottleneck for scalability, and hence optimizations that enable learning of compact representations…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Gerco van Heerdt , Matteo Sammartino , Alexandra Silva

For a small involutive quantaloid $\mathcal{Q}$, it is shown that the category of separated complete $\mathcal{Q}$-categories and left adjoint $\mathcal{Q}$-functors is strictly monadic over the category of symmetric…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Lili Shen , Xiaojuan Zhao

Partial Combinatory Algebras (PCAs) provide a foundational model of the untyped $\lambda$-calculus and serve as the basis for many notions of computability, such as realizability theory. However, PCAs support a very limited notion of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Liron Cohen , Ariel Grunfeld , Dominik Kirst , Étienne Miquey

Monoidal algebraic structures consist of operations that can have multiple outputs as well as multiple inputs, which have applications in many areas including categorical algebra, programming language semantics, representation theory,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-10-14 Aleks Kissinger , Vladimir Zamdzhiev

Algebraic effects & handlers are a modular approach for modeling side-effects in functional programming. Their syntax is defined in terms of a signature of effectful operations, encoded as a functor, that are plugged into the free monad;…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Birthe van den Berg , Tom Schrijvers

Relative monads provide a controlled view of computation. We generalise the monadic metalanguage to a relative setting and give a complete semantics with strong relative monads. Adopting this perspective, we generalise two existing program…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Jack Liell-Cock , Zev Shirazi , Sam Staton

In this article we show how to build main aspects of our paper on globular weak $(\infty,n)$-categories, but now for the cubical geometry. Thus we define a monad on the category $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{S}ets$ of cubical sets which algebras are…

K-Theory and Homology · Mathematics 2019-10-24 Camell Kachour

We give a commutative valuations monad Z on the category DCPO of dcpo's and Scott-continuous functions. Compared to the commutative valuations monads given in [Jia et al., 2021], our new monad Z is larger and it contains all push-forward…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Xiaodong Jia , Michael Mislove , Vladimir Zamdzhiev

Finding a denotational semantics for higher order quantum computation is a long-standing problem in the semantics of quantum programming languages. Most past approaches to this problem fell short in one way or another, either limiting the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-11-12 Michele Pagani , Peter Selinger , Benoît Valiron

The quantum programming language Quipper supports circuit operations such as reversing and controlling certain quantum circuits. Additionally, Quipper provides a function called with-computed, which can be used to program circuits of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Peng Fu , Kohei Kishida , Neil J. Ross , Peter Selinger

The original purpose of component-based development was to provide techniques to master complex software, through composition, reuse and parametrisation. However, such systems are rapidly moving towards a level in which software becomes…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-08-02 Renato Neves , Luis S. Barbosa , Dirk Hofmann , Manuel A. Martins

Monads are a useful tool for structuring effectful features of computation such as state, non-determinism, and continuations. In the last decade, several generalisations of monads have been suggested which provide a more fine-grained model…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Dominic Orchard , Philip Wadler , Harley Eades

Modern quantum programming languages integrate quantum resources and classical control. They must, on the one hand, be linearly typed to reflect the no-cloning property of quantum resources. On the other hand, high-level and practical…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Peng Fu , Kohei Kishida , Peter Selinger