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Stochastic bilevel optimization generalizes the classic stochastic optimization from the minimization of a single objective to the minimization of an objective function that depends the solution of another optimization problem. Recently,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-01 Tianyi Chen , Yuejiao Sun , Quan Xiao , Wotao Yin

This paper studies a class of simple bilevel optimization problems where we minimize a composite convex function at the upper-level subject to a composite convex lower-level problem. Existing methods either provide asymptotic guarantees for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Jiulin Wang , Xu Shi , Rujun Jiang

We initiate the study of nonsmooth optimization problems under bounded local subgradient variation, which postulates bounded difference between (sub)gradients in small local regions around points, in either average or maximum sense. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Jelena Diakonikolas , Cristóbal Guzmán

Bilevel optimization is an important formulation for many machine learning problems. Current bilevel optimization algorithms assume that the gradient of the upper-level function is Lipschitz. However, recent studies reveal that certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Jie Hao , Xiaochuan Gong , Mingrui Liu

Second-order optimality conditions of the bilevel programming problems are dependent on the second-order directional derivatives of the value functions or the solution mappings of the lower level problems under some regular conditions,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-24 Xiang Liu , Mengwei Xu , Liwei Zhang

We consider rather a general class of multi-level optimization problems, where a convex objective function is to be minimized subject to constraints of optimality of nested convex optimization problems. As a special case, we consider a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-30 Allahkaram Shafiei , Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Jakub Marecek

In this paper we study constraint qualifications and optimality conditions for bilevel programming problems. We strive to derive checkable constraint qualifications in terms of problem data and applicable optimality conditions. For the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-10 Jane J. Ye

In this work, we propose derivative-free framework for bilevel optimization. We consider both the upper and lower-level problems with bound constraints on the variables, as well as general nonlinear constraints, assuming that first-order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Edoardo Cesaroni , Giampaolo Liuzzi , Stefano Lucidi

Stochastic Bilevel optimization usually involves minimizing an upper-level (UL) function that is dependent on the arg-min of a strongly-convex lower-level (LL) function. Several algorithms utilize Neumann series to approximate certain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Xuxing Chen , Tesi Xiao , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian

The study of first-order optimization is sensitive to the assumptions made on the objective functions. These assumptions induce complexity classes which play a key role in worst-case analysis, including the fundamental concept of algorithm…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-30 Charles Guille-Escuret , Adam Ibrahim , Baptiste Goujaud , Ioannis Mitliagkas

We study optimal diagonal preconditioning using the classical worst-case $\kappa$-condition number and the averaging-based $\omega$-condition number. For the $\kappa$-optimal preconditioning problem, we derive an affine-based pseudoconvex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Saeed Ghadimi , Woosuk L. Jung , Arnesh Sujanani , David Torregrosa-Belén , Henry Wolkowicz

Necessary conditions for high-order optimality in smooth nonlinear constrained optimization are explored and their inherent intricacy discussed. A two-phase minimization algorithm is proposed which can achieve approximate first-, second-…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-31 C. Cartis , N. I. M. Gould , Ph. L. Toint

Adam has become one of the most popular optimizers for training modern deep neural networks, such as transformers. However, its applicability is largely restricted to single-level optimization problems. In this paper, we aim to extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

Bilevel optimization and bilevel minimax optimization have recently emerged as unifying frameworks for a range of machine-learning tasks, including hyperparameter optimization and reinforcement learning. The existing literature focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Xuelin Zhang , Peipei Yuan

Stochastic Bilevel Optimization has emerged as a fundamental framework for meta-learning and hyperparameter optimization. Despite the practical prevalence of single-loop algorithms--which update lower and upper variables concurrently--their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yubo Zhou , Luo Luo , Guang Dai , Haishan Ye

We study a class of bilevel convex optimization problems where the goal is to find the minimizer of an objective function in the upper level, among the set of all optimal solutions of an optimization problem in the lower level. A wide range…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-27 Mostafa Amini , Farzad Yousefian

This paper introduces a novel double regularization scheme for bilevel optimization problems whose lower-level problem is composite and convex, but not necessarily strongly convex, in the lower-level variable. The analysis focuses on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Mattia Solla , Johannes O. Royset

Relative to the large literature on upper bounds on complexity of convex optimization, lesser attention has been paid to the fundamental hardness of these problems. Given the extensive use of convex optimization in machine learning and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-11-22 Alekh Agarwal , Peter L. Bartlett , Pradeep Ravikumar , Martin J. Wainwright

This paper presents new first-order methods for achieving optimal oracle complexities in convex optimization with convex functional constraints. Oracle complexities are measured by the number of function and gradient evaluations. To achieve…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Qi Deng , Guanghui Lan , Zhenwei Lin

We prove lower bounds on the complexity of finding $\epsilon$-stationary points (points $x$ such that $\|\nabla f(x)\| \le \epsilon$) of smooth, high-dimensional, and potentially non-convex functions $f$. We consider oracle-based complexity…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-08-16 Yair Carmon , John C. Duchi , Oliver Hinder , Aaron Sidford