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Pulsar-timing arrays (PTAs) are in the near future expected to detect a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) produced by a population of inspiralling super-massive black hole binaries. In this work, we consider a background that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Marc Kamionkowski

The pulsar timing array systems have reported a detection of a nanohertz-band stochastic gravitational wave background in our galaxy. It is of interest to use this observation to probe modified gravity and to forecast the sensitivity with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-19 Jonathan Grée , Qiuyue Liang , Elisa G. M. Ferreira

Milli-second pulsars with highly stable periods can be considered as very precise clocks and can be used for pulsar timing array (PTA) which attempts to detect nanoheltz gravitational waves (GWs) directly. Main sources of nanoheltz GWs are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-22 Tomonosuke Kikunaga , Shinnosuke Hisano , Hiroki Kumamoto , Keitaro Takahashi

Detecting continuous nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs) generated by individual close binaries of supermassive black holes (CB-SMBHs) is one of the primary objectives of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). The detection sensitivity is slated to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-08 Yu-Yang Songsheng , Yi-Qian Qian , Yan-Rong Li , Pu Du , Jie-Wen Chen , Yan Wang , Soumya D. Mohanty , Jian-Min Wang

The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) can be observed in the nanohertz band using a pulsar timing array (PTA). Here a computationally efficient state-space framework is developed for analysing SGWB data, in which the…

The observations from pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), led by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), have provided opportunities to constrain primordial gravitational waves at low frequencies. In this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Lu Yin

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have made tremendous progress and are now showing strong evidence for the gravitational-wave background (GWB). Further probing the origin and characteristics of the GWB will require more generalized analysis…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-06 Kyle A. Gersbach , Stephen R. Taylor , Patrick M. Meyers , Joseph D. Romano

One of the most promising targets for Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) is identifying an individual supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) out of the population of binaries theorized to produce a gravitational wave background (GWB). In this…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-21 Levi Schult , Polina Petrov , Stephen R. Taylor , Nihan Pol , Nima Laal , Maria Charisi , Chung-Pei Ma

In the summer of 2023, the pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) announced a compelling evidence for the existence of a nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). Despite this breakthrough, however, several critical questions remain…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-16 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

We consider the effects of relaxing the assumption that gravitational waves composing the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) are uncorrelated between frequencies in analyses of the data from Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs). While…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-30 Wayne Hu , Qiuyue Liang , Meng-Xiang Lin , Mark Trodden

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are used to search for long-wavelength gravitational waves (GWs) by monitoring a set of spin-stable millisecond pulsars. Most theoretical analyses assume that the relevant GW sources are much more distant from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-01-03 Dustin R. Madison , David F. Chernoff , James M. Cordes

Pulsar timing is a technique that uses the highly stable spin periods of neutron stars to investigate a wide range of topics in physics and astrophysics. Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) use sets of extremely well-timed pulsars as a Galaxy-scale…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-05 J. P. W. Verbiest , S. Oslowski , S. Burke-Spolaor

The nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is an excellent early universe laboratory for testing the fundamental properties of gravity. In this letter, we elucidate on the full potential of pulsar timing array (PTA) by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-24 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

We calculate the properties, occurrence rates and detection prospects of individually resolvable 'single sources' in the low frequency gravitational wave (GW) spectrum. Our simulations use the population of galaxies and massive black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-28 Luke Zoltan Kelley , Laura Blecha , Lars Hernquist , Alberto Sesana , Stephen R. Taylor

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are searching for nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) through cross-correlation of pulse arrival times from a set of radio pulsars. PTAs have relied upon a frequency-shift formula of the pulse, where…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-03 Ryousuke Kubo , Kakeru Yamahira , Hideki Asada

Pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments are expected to detect nano-Hertz gravitational waves (GWs) emitted from individual inspiralling supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs). The GW signals from a small fraction of these SMBBHs may be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-19 Hao Ma , Youjun Lu , Zhiwei Chen , Yunfeng Chen

Abbreviated: We investigate the potential of detecting the gravitational wave from individual binary black hole systems using pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) and calculate the accuracy for determining the GW properties. This is done in a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-27 K. J. Lee , N. Wex , M. Kramer , B. W. Stappers , C. G. Bassa , G. H. Janssen , R. Karuppusamy , R. Smits

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are designed to detect nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). Since GWs are anticipated from cosmic strings, PTAs offer a viable approach to testing their existence. We present the results of the first…