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We study the attention of pathologists as they examine whole-slide images (WSIs) of prostate cancer tissue using a digital microscope. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to report in detail how pathologists navigate WSIs…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-04 Souradeep Chakraborty , Ke Ma , Rajarsi Gupta , Beatrice Knudsen , Gregory J. Zelinsky , Joel H. Saltz , Dimitris Samaras

Prevention and early diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) is an essential prerequisite for the selection of proper treatment. The substantial pressure due to the increase of demand for faster and more precise diagnostic results drives for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-29 Peter Bokor , Lukas Hudec , Ondrej Fabian , Wanda Benesova

Whole slide images (WSIs) pose unique challenges when training deep learning models. They are very large which makes it necessary to break each image down into smaller patches for analysis, image features have to be extracted at multiple…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-02 Ozan Ciga , Tony Xu , Sharon Nofech-Mozes , Shawna Noy , Fang-I Lu , Anne L. Martel

Computational pathology has advanced rapidly in recent years, driven by domain-specific image encoders and growing interest in using vision-language models to answer natural-language questions about diseases. Yet, the core problem behind…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wentao Huang , Weimin Lyu , Peiliang Lou , Qingqiao Hu , Xiaoling Hu , Shahira Abousamra , Wenchao Han , Ruifeng Guo , Jiawei Zhou , Chao Chen , Chen Wang

The ability to predict the attention of expert pathologists could lead to decision support systems for better pathology training. We developed methods to predict the spatio-temporal (where and when) movements of pathologists' attention as…

Computational analysis of whole slide images (WSIs) has seen significant research progress in recent years, with applications ranging across important diagnostic and prognostic tasks such as survival or cancer subtype prediction. Many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zak Buzzard , Konstantin Hemker , Nikola Simidjievski , Mateja Jamnik

Regions of Interest (ROI) contain morphological features in pathology whole slide images (WSI) are delimited with polygons[1]. These polygons are often represented in either a textual notation (with the array of edges) or in a binary mask…

Graphics · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Erich Bremer , Jonas Almeida , Joel Saltz

Whole slide images (WSIs) are gigapixel-scale digital images of H\&E-stained tissue samples widely used in pathology. The substantial size and complexity of WSIs pose unique analytical challenges. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jun Wang , Yu Mao , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

The histopathological images contain a huge amount of information, which can make diagnosis an extremely timeconsuming and tedious task. In this study, we developed a completely automated system to detect regions of interest (ROIs) in whole…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-11 Mohammed Lamine Benomar , Nesma Settouti , Eric Debreuve , Xavier Descombes , Damien Ambrosetti

Objective: We develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system using deep learning approaches for lesion detection and classification on whole-slide images (WSIs) with breast cancer. The deep features being distinguishing in classification…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-29 Wei-Wen Hsu , Yongfang Wu , Chang Hao , Yu-Ling Hou , Xiang Gao , Yun Shao , Xueli Zhang , Tao He , Yanhong Tai

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for computational pathology, offering unprecedented opportunities to integrate pathological images with language context for comprehensive diagnostic analysis. These…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-20 Zhe Xu , Ziyi Liu , Junlin Hou , Jiabo Ma , Cheng Jin , Yihui Wang , Zhixuan Chen , Zhengyu Zhang , Fuxiang Huang , Zhengrui Guo , Fengtao Zhou , Yingxue Xu , Xi Wang , Ronald Cheong Kin Chan , Li Liang , Hao Chen

Accurate tumor analysis is central to clinical radiology and precision oncology, where early detection, reliable lesion characterization, and pathology-level risk assessment guide diagnosis and treatment planning. Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

The burgeoning discipline of computational pathology shows promise in harnessing whole slide images (WSIs) to quantify morphological heterogeneity and develop objective prognostic modes for human cancers. However, progress is impeded by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Chao Tu , Kun Huang , Jie Zhang , Qianjin Feng , Yu Zhang , Zhenyuan Ning

Breast cancer survival prediction in computational pathology presents a remarkable challenge due to tumor heterogeneity. For instance, different regions of the same tumor in the pathology image can show distinct morphological and molecular…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-25 Yang Luo , Shiru Wang , Jun Liu , Jiaxuan Xiao , Rundong Xue , Zeyu Zhang , Hao Zhang , Yu Lu , Yang Zhao , Yutong Xie

Histopathological image analysis is an essential process for the discovery of diseases such as cancer. However, it is challenging to train CNN on whole slide images (WSIs) of gigapixel resolution considering the available memory capacity.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-11 Shusuke Takahama , Yusuke Kurose , Yusuke Mukuta , Hiroyuki Abe , Masashi Fukayama , Akihiko Yoshizawa , Masanobu Kitagawa , Tatsuya Harada

Accurate survival prediction from histopathology whole-slide images (WSIs) remains challenging due to their gigapixel resolution, strong spatial heterogeneity, and complex survival distributions. We introduce a comprehensive computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ardhendu Sekhar , Vasu Soni , Keshav Aske , Shivam Madnoorkar , Pranav Jeevan , Amit Sethi

Recent AI navigation approaches aim to improve Whole-Slide Image (WSI) diagnosis by modeling spatial exploration and selecting diagnostically relevant regions, yet most operate at a single fixed magnification or rely on predefined…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhengyang Xu , Han Li , Jingsong Liu , Linrui Xie , Xun Ma , Xin You , Shihui Zu , Ayako Ito , Xinyu Hao , Hongming Xu , Shaohua Kevin Zhou , Nassir Navab , Peter J. Schüffler

The field of computational pathology has been transformed with recent advances in foundation models that encode histopathology region-of-interests (ROIs) into versatile and transferable feature representations via self-supervised learning…

Whole-slide images (WSI) in computational pathology have high resolution with gigapixel size, but are generally with sparse regions of interest, which leads to weak diagnostic relevance and data inefficiency for each area in the slide. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Boxuan Zhao , Jun Zhang , Deheng Ye , Jian Cao , Xiao Han , Qiang Fu , Wei Yang

Automatic outlining of different tissue types in digitized histological specimen provides a basis for follow-up analyses and can potentially guide subsequent medical decisions. The immense size of whole-slide-images (WSI), however, poses a…