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Training-free diffusion guidance offers a flexible framework for leveraging off-the-shelf classifiers without additional training. Yet, current approaches hinge on posterior approximations via Tweedie's formula, which often yield unreliable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Van Khoa Nguyen , Lionel Blondé , Alexandros Kalousis

Counterfactual generation aims to simulate realistic hypothetical outcomes under causal interventions. Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful tool for this task, combining DDIM inversion with conditional generation and classifier-free…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Tian Xia , Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Rajat R Rasal , Avinash Kori , Raghav Mehta , Ben Glocker

Diffusion models generate synthetic images through an iterative refinement process. However, the misalignment between the simulation-free objective and the iterative process often causes accumulated gradient error along the sampling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Liangyu Yuan , Yufei Huang , Mingkun Lei , Tong Zhao , Ruoyu Wang , Changxi Chi , Yiwei Wang , Chi Zhang

Extensive empirical evidence demonstrates that conditional generative models are easier to train and perform better than unconditional ones by exploiting the labels of data. So do score-based diffusion models. In this paper, we analyze the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Fan Bao , Chongxuan Li , Jiacheng Sun , Jun Zhu

Classifier-free guidance (CFG) succeeds in condition diffusion models that use a guidance scale to balance the influence of conditional and unconditional terms. A high guidance scale is used to enhance the performance of the conditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Kaiyu Song , Hanjiang Lai

Guiding Vector Fields (GVFs) are a powerful tool for robotic path following. However, classical methods assume smooth, ordered curves and fail when paths are unordered, multi-branch, or generated by probabilistic models. We propose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zirui Chen , Shiliang Guo , Shiyu Zhao

Text-to-3D generation has made remarkable progress recently, particularly with methods based on Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) that leverages pre-trained 2D diffusion models. While the usage of classifier-free guidance is well…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Xin Yu , Yuan-Chen Guo , Yangguang Li , Ding Liang , Song-Hai Zhang , Xiaojuan Qi

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is an essential component of text-to-image diffusion models, and understanding and advancing its operational mechanisms remains a central focus of research. Existing approaches stem from divergent theoretical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Kaibo Wang , Jianda Mao , Tong Wu , Yang Xiang

Text-to-image diffusion models are capable of generating high-quality images, but suboptimal pre-trained text representations often result in these images failing to align closely with the given text prompts. Classifier-free guidance (CFG)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zhenyu Zhou , Defang Chen , Can Wang , Chun Chen , Siwei Lyu

Guidance is a widely used technique for diffusion models to enhance sample quality. Technically, guidance is realised by using an auxiliary model that generalises more broadly than the primary model. Using a 2D toy example, we first show…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Nikolas Adaloglou , Tim Kaiser , Damir Iagudin , Markus Kollmann

Classifier-free Guidance (CFG) lets practitioners trade-off fidelity against diversity in Diffusion Models (DMs). The practicality of CFG is however hindered by DMs sampling cost. On the other hand, Consistency Models (CMs) generate images…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Chia-Hong Hsu , Randall Balestriero

Diffusion models often exhibit inconsistent sample quality due to stochastic variations inherent in their sampling trajectories. Although training-based fine-tuning (e.g. DDPO [1]) and inference-time alignment techniques[2] aim to improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sixian Wang , Zhiwei Tang , Tsung-Hui Chang

Various weather modelling problems (e.g., weather forecasting, optimizing turbine placements, etc.) require ample access to high-resolution, highly accurate wind data. Acquiring such high-resolution wind data, however, remains a challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Jacob Schnell , Aditya Makkar , Gunadi Gani , Aniket Srinivasan Ashok , Darren Lo , Mike Optis , Alexander Wong , Yuhao Chen

Personalizing text-to-image diffusion models is crucial for adapting the pre-trained models to specific target concepts, enabling diverse image generation. However, fine-tuning with few images introduces an inherent trade-off between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Sunghyun Park , Seokeon Choi , Hyoungwoo Park , Sungrack Yun

Diffusion models deliver high quality in image synthesis but remain expensive during training and inference. Recent works have leveraged the inherent redundancy in visual content to make training more affordable by training only on a subset…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Felix Krause , Stefan Andreas Baumann , Johannes Schusterbauer , Olga Grebenkova , Ming Gui , Vincent Tao Hu , Björn Ommer

Recent studies show that simple training-free techniques can dramatically improve the quality of text-to-2D generation outputs, e.g. Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) or FreeU. However, these training-free techniques have been underexplored in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Junhong Lee , Seungwook Kim , Minsu Cho

Guidance in image generation steers models towards higher-quality or more targeted outputs, typically achieved in Diffusion Models (DMs) via Classifier-free Guidance (CFG). However, recent Consistency Models (CMs), which offer fewer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Chia-Hong Hsu , Shiu-hong Kao , Randall Balestriero

Training-free guided sampling in diffusion models leverages off-the-shelf pre-trained networks, such as an aesthetic evaluation model, to guide the generation process. Current training-free guided sampling algorithms obtain the guidance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Jiachun Pan , Hanshu Yan , Jun Hao Liew , Jiashi Feng , Vincent Y. F. Tan

We present a supervised learning framework of training generative models for density estimation. Generative models, including generative adversarial networks, normalizing flows, variational auto-encoders, are usually considered as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yanfang Liu , Minglei Yang , Zezhong Zhang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang

Given an unconditional diffusion model and a predictor for a target property of interest (e.g., a classifier), the goal of training-free guidance is to generate samples with desirable target properties without additional training. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Haotian Ye , Haowei Lin , Jiaqi Han , Minkai Xu , Sheng Liu , Yitao Liang , Jianzhu Ma , James Zou , Stefano Ermon