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The digital transformation faces tremendous security challenges. In particular, the growing number of cyber-attacks targeting Internet of Things (IoT) systems restates the need for a reliable detection of malicious network activity. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-02 João Vitorino , Rui Andrade , Isabel Praça , Orlando Sousa , Eva Maia

The increase in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has tremendously increased the attack surface of cyber threats thus making a strong intrusion detection system (IDS) with a clear explanation of the process essential towards…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ashikuzzaman , Md. Shawkat Hossain , Jubayer Abdullah Joy , Md Zahid Akon , Md Manjur Ahmed , Md. Naimul Islam

A central use case for the Internet of Things (IoT) is the adoption of sensors to monitor physical processes, such as the environment and industrial manufacturing processes, where they provide data for predictive maintenance, anomaly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Anders E. Kalør , Daniel Michelsanti , Federico Chiariotti , Zheng-Hua Tan , Petar Popovski

After decades of research, the Internet of Things (IoT) is finally permeating real-life and helps improve the efficiency of infrastructures and processes as well as our health. As a massive number of IoT devices are deployed, they naturally…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Gregor Cerar , Halil Yetgin , Blaž Bertalanič , Carolina Fortuna

The anomaly detection literature is abundant with offline methods, which require repeated access to data in memory, and impose impractical assumptions when applied to a streaming context. Existing online anomaly detection methods also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Filippo Leveni , Guilherme Weigert Cassales , Bernhard Pfahringer , Albert Bifet , Giacomo Boracchi

The detection of anomalous behaviours is an emerging need in many applications, particularly in contexts where security and reliability are critical aspects. While the definition of anomaly strictly depends on the domain framework, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Elisa Marcelli , Tommaso Barbariol , Gian Antonio Susto

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been introduced as a breakthrough technology that integrates intelligence into everyday objects, enabling high levels of connectivity between them. As the IoT networks grow and expand, they become more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Safa Ben Atitallah , Maha Driss , Wadii Boulila , Anis Koubaa

Computer network anomaly detection and log analysis, as an important topic in the field of network security, has been a key task to ensure network security and system reliability. First, existing network anomaly detection and log analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Shuzhan Wang , Ruxue Jiang , Zhaoqi Wang , Yan Zhou

Internet of Things (IoT) device localization is fundamental to smart home functionalities, including indoor navigation and tracking of individuals. Traditional localization relies on relative methods utilizing the positions of anchors…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yan Li , Jie Yang , Shang-Ling Shih , Wan-Ting Shih , Chao-Kai Wen , Shi Jin

Security experts have demonstrated numerous risks imposed by Internet of Things (IoT) devices on organizations. Due to the widespread adoption of such devices, their diversity, standardization obstacles, and inherent mobility, organizations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Yair Meidan , Michael Bohadana , Asaf Shabtai , Martin Ochoa , Nils Ole Tippenhauer , Juan Davis Guarnizo , Yuval Elovici

Isolation Forest (iForest) is an unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm designed to effectively detect anomalies under the assumption that anomalies are ``few and different." Various studies have aimed to enhance iForest, but the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Hun Kang , Kyoungok Kim

Anomaly detection plays an increasingly important role in various fields for critical tasks such as intrusion detection in cybersecurity, financial risk detection, and human health monitoring. A variety of anomaly detection methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Haolong Xiang , Xuyun Zhang , Hongsheng Hu , Lianyong Qi , Wanchun Dou , Mark Dras , Amin Beheshti , Xiaolong Xu

IoT systems have been facing increasingly sophisticated technical problems due to the growing complexity of these systems and their fast deployment practices. Consequently, IoT managers have to judiciously detect failures (anomalies) in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Mustafa Abdallah , Wo Jae Lee , Nithin Raghunathan , Charilaos Mousoulis , John W. Sutherland , Saurabh Bagchi

With rapid technological growth, security attacks are drastically increasing. In many crucial Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications such as healthcare and defense, the early detection of security attacks plays a significant role in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-03 KG Raghavendra Narayan , Srijanee Mookherji , Vanga Odelu , Rajendra Prasath , Anish Chand Turlapaty , Ashok Kumar Das

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system that connects physical computing devices, sensors, software, and other technologies. Data can be collected, transferred, and exchanged with other devices over the network without requiring human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Eleonora Achiluzzi , Menglu Li , Md Fahd Al Georgy , Rasha Kashef

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its integration with backbone networks have heightened the risk of security breaches. Traditional centralized approaches to anomaly detection, which require transferring large volumes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Devashish Chaudhary , Sutharshan Rajasegarar , Shiva Raj Pokhrel , Lei Pan , Ruby D

With the growing volume of Internet of Things (IoT) network traffic, machine learning (ML)-based anomaly detection is more relevant than ever. Traditional batch learning models face challenges such as high maintenance and poor adaptability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Rodrigo Matos Carnier , Laura Lahesoo , Kensuke Fukuda

Visual Anomaly Detection (VAD) is a key task in industrial settings, where minimizing operational costs is essential. Deploying deep learning models within Internet of Things (IoT) environments introduces specific challenges due to limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Arianna Stropeni , Francesco Borsatti , Manuel Barusco , Davide Dalle Pezze , Marco Fabris , Gian Antonio Susto

Isolation forest (iForest) has been emerging as arguably the most popular anomaly detector in recent years due to its general effectiveness across different benchmarks and strong scalability. Nevertheless, its linear axis-parallel isolation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Hongzuo Xu , Guansong Pang , Yijie Wang , Yongjun Wang

Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become ubiquitous and are spread across many application domains including the industry, transportation, healthcare, and households. However, the proliferation of the IoT devices has raised the concerns…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-06 Dominik Breitenbacher , Ivan Homoliak , Yan Lin Aung , Nils Ole Tippenhauer , Yuval Elovici