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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable instruction-following capabilities across various applications. However, their performance in multilingual settings lacks systematic investigation, with existing evaluations lacking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zhenyu Li , Kehai Chen , Yunfei Long , Xuefeng Bai , Yaoyin Zhang , Xuchen Wei , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

LMMs have shown impressive visual understanding capabilities, with the potential to be applied in agents, which demand strong reasoning and planning abilities. Nevertheless, existing benchmarks mostly assess their reasoning abilities in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Miaosen Zhang , Qi Dai , Yifan Yang , Jianmin Bao , Dongdong Chen , Kai Qiu , Chong Luo , Xin Geng , Baining Guo

PowerPoint presentations combine rich textual content with structured visual layouts, making them a natural testbed for evaluating the multimodal reasoning and layout understanding abilities of modern MLLMs. However, existing benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Zheng Huang , Xukai Liu , Tianyu Hu , Kai Zhang , Ye Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming attractive as few-shot reasoners to solve Natural Language (NL)-related tasks. However, the understanding of their capability to process structured data like tables remains an under-explored area.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yuan Sui , Mengyu Zhou , Mingjie Zhou , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

While existing benchmarks probe the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) across diverse domains, they predominantly assess passive reasoning, providing models with all the information needed to reach a solution. By contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zhanke Zhou , Xiao Feng , Zhaocheng Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Sanmi Koyejo , Bo Han

The popularity of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has triggered a recent surge in research efforts dedicated to evaluating these models. Nevertheless, existing evaluation studies of MLLMs primarily focus on the comprehension and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Xiaocui Yang , Wenfang Wu , Shi Feng , Ming Wang , Daling Wang , Yang Li , Qi Sun , Yifei Zhang , Xiaoming Fu , Soujanya Poria

This technical report aims to fill a deficiency in the assessment of large multimodal models (LMMs) by specifically examining the self-consistency of their outputs when subjected to common corruptions. We investigate the cross-modal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jiawei Zhang , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Yi Ren , Bo Li , Min Lin

Chain-of-Thought reasoning is widely used to improve the interpretability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet the faithfulness of the generated reasoning traces remains unclear. Prior work has mainly focused on perceptual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Weijiang Lv , Yaoxuan Feng , Xiaobo Xia , Jiayu Wang , Yan Jing , Wenchao Chen , Bo Chen

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have driven significant progress in end-to-end spoken dialogue models (SDMs). In contrast to text-based LLMs, the evaluation framework for SDMs should encompass both cognitive dimensions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ruiqi Yan , Xiquan Li , Wenxi Chen , Zhikang Niu , Chen Yang , Ziyang Ma , Kai Yu , Xie Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced VQA and now support Vision-DeepResearch systems that use search engines for complex visual-textual fact-finding. However, evaluating these visual and textual search abilities is still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yu Zeng , Wenxuan Huang , Zhen Fang , Shuang Chen , Yufan Shen , Yishuo Cai , Xiaoman Wang , Zhenfei Yin , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Shiting Huang , Yiming Zhao , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Philip Torr , Wanli Ouyang , Shaosheng Cao

The remarkable reasoning and generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have paved the way for their expanding applications in embodied AI, robotics, and other real-world tasks. To effectively support these applications,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Dongil Yang , Minjin Kim , Sunghwan Kim , Beong-woo Kwak , Minjun Park , Jinseok Hong , Woontack Woo , Jinyoung Yeo

Multimodal Large Language Models are primarily trained and evaluated on aligned image-text pairs, which leaves their ability to detect and resolve real-world inconsistencies largely unexplored. In open-domain applications visual and textual…

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly proposed as general-purpose tools for scientific data interpretation, yet their reliability on real astronomical observations across diverse modalities remains untested. We present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Wenke Ren , Hengxiao Guo , Wenwen Zuo , Xiaoman Zhang

Although large visual-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in multimodal tasks, errors may occasionally arise due to biases during the reasoning process. Recently, reward models (RMs) have become increasingly pivotal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jiacheng Ruan , Wenzhen Yuan , Xian Gao , Ye Guo , Daoxin Zhang , Zhe Xu , Yao Hu , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu

Recently, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved significant advancements across various domains, and corresponding evaluation benchmarks have been continuously refined and improved. In this process, benchmarks in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Jiacheng Ruan , Dan Jiang , Xian Gao , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu , Yangyang Kang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance and gain widespread use, establishing systematic and reliable evaluation methodologies for LLMs and vision-language models (VLMs) has become essential to ensure their real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jie Feng , Jun Zhang , Tianhui Liu , Xin Zhang , Tianjian Ouyang , Junbo Yan , Yuwei Du , Siqi Guo , Yong Li

The comprehension of text-rich visual scenes has become a focal point for evaluating Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) due to their widespread applications. Current benchmarks tailored to the scenario emphasize perceptual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Bin Shan , Xiang Fei , Wei Shi , An-Lan Wang , Guozhi Tang , Lei Liao , Jingqun Tang , Xiang Bai , Can Huang

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have led to impressive progress across various benchmarks. However, their capability in understanding infrared images remains unexplored. To address this gap, we introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Tao Zhang , Yuyang Hong , Yang Xia , Kun Ding , Zeyu Zhang , Ying Wang , Shiming Xiang , Chunhong Pan

As LLMs achieved breakthroughs in general reasoning, their proficiency in specialized scientific domains reveals pronounced gaps in existing benchmarks due to data contamination, insufficient complexity, and prohibitive human labor costs.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Peiyao Xiao , Xiaogang Li , Chengliang Xu , Jiayi Wang , Ben Wang , Zichao Chen , Zeyu Wang , Kejun Yu , Yueqian Chen , Xulin Liu , Wende Xiao , Bing Zhao , Hu Wei

The astonishing breakthrough of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has necessitated new benchmarks to quantitatively assess their capabilities, reveal their limitations, and indicate future research directions. However, this is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Fengxiang Wang , Hongzhen Wang , Mingshuo Chen , Di Wang , Yulin Wang , Zonghao Guo , Qiang Ma , Long Lan , Wenjing Yang , Jing Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun