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As Large Language Models (LLMs) become integral to software development workflows, their ability to generate structured outputs has become critically important. We introduce StructEval, a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating LLMs'…

This study investigates the structured generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs), focusing on producing valid JSON outputs against a given schema. Despite the widespread use of JSON in integrating language models with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yaxi Lu , Haolun Li , Xin Cong , Zhong Zhang , Yesai Wu , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Fangming Liu , Maosong Sun

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have made substantial advances in reasoning tasks at the Olympiad level. Nevertheless, current Olympiad-level multimodal reasoning benchmarks for these models often emphasize single-image analysis and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Qiguang Chen , Chengyu Luan , Jiajun Wu , Qiming Yu , Yi Yang , Yizhuo Li , Jingqi Tong , Xiachong Feng , Libo Qin , Wanxiang Che

Numerous theorems, such as those in geometry, are often presented in multimodal forms (e.g., diagrams). Humans benefit from visual reasoning in such settings, using diagrams to gain intuition and guide the proof process. Modern Multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zhitao He , Zongwei Lyu , Dazhong Chen , Dadi Guo , Yi R. Fung

Recent years have witnessed a significant interest in developing large multimodal models (LMMs) capable of performing various visual reasoning and understanding tasks. This has led to the introduction of multiple LMM benchmarks to evaluate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Sara Ghaboura , Ahmed Heakl , Omkar Thawakar , Ali Alharthi , Ines Riahi , Abduljalil Saif , Jorma Laaksonen , Fahad S. Khan , Salman Khan , Rao M. Anwer

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising potential in diverse understanding tasks, e.g., image and video analysis, math and physics olympiads. However, they remain blank and unexplored for Small Object Understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Fujun Han , Junan Chen , Xintong Zhu , Jingqi Ye , Xuanjie Mao , Tao Chen , Peng Ye

Optimization modeling translates real decision-making problems into mathematical optimization models and solver-executable implementations. Although language models are increasingly used to generate optimization formulations and solver…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhong Li , Qi Huang , Yuxuan Zhu , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri , Niki van Stein , Thomas Bäck , Matthijs van Leeuwen , Zaiwen Wen , Lincen Yang

Based on powerful Large Language Models (LLMs), recent generative Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have gained prominence as a pivotal research area, exhibiting remarkable capability for both comprehension and generation. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Bohao Li , Rui Wang , Guangzhi Wang , Yuying Ge , Yixiao Ge , Ying Shan

Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) are capable of performing complex data analysis, visual question answering, generation, and reasoning tasks. However, their ability to analyze biometric data is relatively underexplored. In this work, we investigate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ekta Gavas , Sudipta Banerjee , Chinmay Hegde , Nasir Memon

With the rapid advancement of Generative AI technology, Multimodal Large Language Models(MLLMs) have the potential to act as AI software engineers capable of executing complex web application development. Considering that the model requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiyu Lin , Zhengda Zhou , Zhiyuan Zhao , Tianrui Wan , Yilun Ma , Junyu Gao , Xuelong Li

Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in various language tasks, especially with their emergent in-context learning capability. Extending LLMs to incorporate visual inputs, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Komanduri , Karuna Bhaila , Xintao Wu

Building robots that can perceive, reason, and act in dynamic, unstructured environments remains a core challenge. Recent embodied systems often adopt a dual-system paradigm, where System 2 handles high-level reasoning while System 1…

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) show significant strides in general-purpose multimodal applications such as visual dialogue and embodied navigation. However, existing multimodal evaluation benchmarks cover a limited number of…

Large language models (LLMs) play a crucial role in software engineering, excelling in tasks like code generation and maintenance. However, existing benchmarks are often narrow in scope, focusing on a specific task and lack a comprehensive…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which integrate language and visual cues for problem-solving, are crucial for advancing artificial general intelligence (AGI). However, current benchmarks for measuring the intelligence of MLLMs…

With the rapid progress of Multimodal LLMs, evaluating their mathematical reasoning capabilities has become an increasingly important research direction. In particular, visual-textual mathematical reasoning serves as a key indicator of an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hao Liang , Linzhuang Sun , Minxuan Zhou , Zirong Chen , Meiyi Qiang , Mingan Lin , Tianpeng Li , Fan Yang , Zenan Zhou , Wentao Zhang

The rapid evolution of Multi-modality Large Language Models (MLLMs) has catalyzed a shift in computer vision from specialized models to general-purpose foundation models. Nevertheless, there is still an inadequacy in assessing the abilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Haoning Wu , Zicheng Zhang , Erli Zhang , Chaofeng Chen , Liang Liao , Annan Wang , Chunyi Li , Wenxiu Sun , Qiong Yan , Guangtao Zhai , Weisi Lin

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show strong capabilities in visual-language reasoning, yet their performance on ultra-high-resolution imagery remains largely unexplored. Existing visual question answering (VQA) benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Siqi Li , Xinyu Cai , Jianbiao Mei , Nianchen Deng , Pinlong Cai , Licheng Wen , Yufan Shen , Xuemeng Yang , Botian Shi , Yong Liu

We introduce MIA-Bench, a new benchmark designed to evaluate multimodal large language models (MLLMs) on their ability to strictly adhere to complex instructions. Our benchmark comprises a diverse set of 400 image-prompt pairs, each crafted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Yusu Qian , Hanrong Ye , Jean-Philippe Fauconnier , Peter Grasch , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan