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This paper proposes a deep neural network model for joint modeling Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Dialogue Management (DM) in goal-driven dialogue systems. There are three parts in this model. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Yue Ma , Xiaojie Wang , Zhenjiang Dong , Hong Chen

This paper presents a learning-based guidance-and-control approach that couples a reasoning-enabled Large Language Model (LLM) with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). A two-stage procedure consisting of Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Amit Jain , Richard Linares

State-of-the-art supervised NLP models achieve high accuracy but are also susceptible to failures on inputs from low-data regimes, such as domains that are not represented in training data. As an approximation to collecting ground-truth…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Parikshit Bansal , Amit Sharma

Large language models (LLMs) have opened up new possibilities for intelligent agents, endowing them with human-like thinking and cognitive abilities. In this work, we delve into the potential of large language models (LLMs) in autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Erfei Cui , Wenhai Wang , Zhiqi Li , Jiangwei Xie , Haoming Zou , Hanming Deng , Gen Luo , Lewei Lu , Xizhou Zhu , Jifeng Dai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating human-like text, yet their applicability to dialogue systems in computer games remains limited. This limitation arises from their substantial hardware…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Martin Braas , Lukas Esterle

Cross-lingual transfer of language models trained on high-resource languages like English has been widely studied for many NLP tasks, but focus on conversational tasks has been rather limited. This is partly due to the high cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Lifu Tu , Jin Qu , Semih Yavuz , Shafiq Joty , Wenhao Liu , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) employ multi-turn interaction as a fundamental paradigm for completing complex tasks. However, their performance often degrades in extended interactions, as they are typically trained on static, single-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chenxing Wei , Hong Wang , Ying He , Fei Yu , Yao Shu

Dialogue systems and large language models (LLMs) have gained considerable attention. However, the direct utilization of LLMs as task-oriented dialogue (TOD) models has been found to underperform compared to smaller task-specific models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Zhiyuan Hu , Yue Feng , Anh Tuan Luu , Bryan Hooi , Aldo Lipani

The patient-centered medical dialogue systems strive to offer diagnostic interpretation services to users who are less knowledgeable about medical knowledge, through emphasizing the importance of providing responses specific to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Chengfeng Dou , Zhi Jin , Wenping Jiao , Haiyan Zhao , Zhenwei Tao , Yongqiang Zhao

The growing interest in Large Language Models (LLMs) for specialized applications has revealed a significant challenge: when tailored to specific domains, LLMs tend to experience catastrophic forgetting, compromising their general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Rui Wang , Fei Mi , Yi Chen , Boyang Xue , Hongru Wang , Qi Zhu , Kam-Fai Wong , Ruifeng Xu

Inspired by the impressive capabilities of GPT-4o, there is growing interest in enabling speech language models (SLMs) to engage in natural, fluid spoken interactions with humans. Recent advancements have led to the development of several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Qichao Wang , Ziqiao Meng , Wenqian Cui , Yifei Zhang , Pengcheng Wu , Bingzhe Wu , Irwin King , Liang Chen , Peilin Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being applied to black-box optimization tasks, from program synthesis to molecule design. Prior work typically leverages in-context learning to iteratively guide the model towards better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Peter Phan , Dhruv Agarwal , Kavitha Srinivas , Horst Samulowitz , Pavan Kapanipathi , Andrew McCallum

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Llama have become prevalent in real-world applications, exhibiting impressive text generation performance. LLMs are fundamentally developed from a scenario where the input data remains static…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Cheng'an Wei , Yue Zhao , Yujia Gong , Kai Chen , Lu Xiang , Shenchen Zhu

In this study, we explore the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating synthetic users and simulating user conversations with a task-oriented dialogue system and present detailed results and their analysis. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Adnan Ahmad , Stefan Hillmann , Sebastian Möller

Transformer-based pretrained language models (PLMs) offer unmatched performance across the majority of natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, including a body of question answering (QA) tasks. We hypothesize that improvements in QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Gabor Fuisz , Ivan Vulić , Samuel Gibbons , Inigo Casanueva , Paweł Budzianowski

Data-driven approaches for autonomous driving (AD) have been widely adopted in the past decade but are confronted with dataset bias and uninterpretability. Inspired by the knowledge-driven nature of human driving, recent approaches explore…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Zhijian Huang , Tao Tang , Shaoxiang Chen , Sihao Lin , Zequn Jie , Lin Ma , Guangrun Wang , Xiaodan Liang

Building a dialogue system that can communicate naturally with humans is a challenging yet interesting problem of agent-based computing. The rapid growth in this area is usually hindered by the long-standing problem of data scarcity as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Munazza Zaib , Quan Z. Sheng , Wei Emma Zhang

Policy learning (PL) is a module of a task-oriented dialogue system that trains an agent to make actions in each dialogue turn. Imitating human action is a fundamental problem of PL. However, both supervised learning (SL) and reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Zhoujian Sun , Chenyang Zhao , Zhengxing Huang , Nai Ding

Utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) facilitates the creation of flexible and natural dialogues, a task that has been challenging with traditional rule-based dialogue systems. However, LLMs also have the potential to produce unexpected…

Large Language Models (LLMs) and strong vision models have enabled rapid research and development in the field of Vision-Language-Action models that enable robotic control. The main objective of these methods is to develop a generalist…

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