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Related papers: Evaluating Embedding Generalization: How LLMs, LoR…

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Text embeddings from large language models (LLMs) have achieved excellent results in tasks such as information retrieval, semantic textual similarity, etc. In this work, we show an interesting finding: when feeding a text into the LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zhijie Nie , Richong Zhang , Zhanyu Wu

Understanding how explicit theoretical features are encoded in opaque neural systems is a central challenge now common to neuroscience and AI. We introduce Metric Learning Encoding Models (MLEMs) to address this challenge most directly as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Louis Jalouzot , Christophe Pallier , Emmanuel Chemla , Yair Lakretz

Machine learning has revolutionized polymer science by enabling rapid property prediction and generative design. Large language models (LLMs) offer further opportunities in polymer informatics by simplifying workflows that traditionally…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Sonakshi Gupta , Akhlak Mahmood , Shivank Shukla , Rampi Ramprasad

Embedding models are crucial to modern NLP. However, the creation of the most effective models relies on carefully constructed supervised finetuning data. For high resource languages, such as English, such datasets are readily available.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Merve Basoz , Andrew Horne , Mattia Opper

Typical deep clustering methods, while achieving notable progress, can only provide one clustering result per dataset. This limitation arises from their assumption of a fixed underlying data distribution, which may fail to meet user needs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xinyue Wang , Yuheng Jia , Hui Liu , Junhui Hou

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been introduced to graph learning, aiming to extend their zero-shot generalization success to tasks where labeled graph data is scarce. Among these applications, inference over text-attributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Haoyu Wang , Shikun Liu , Rongzhe Wei , Pan Li

Recent works have shown promising results in connecting speech encoders to large language models (LLMs) for speech recognition. However, several limitations persist, including limited fine-tuning options, a lack of mechanisms to enforce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Van Tung Pham , Yist Lin , Tao Han , Wei Li , Jun Zhang , Lu Lu , Yuxuan Wang

Attention based Large Language Models (LLMs) are the state-of-the-art in natural language processing (NLP). The two most common architectures are encoders such as BERT, and decoders like the GPT models. Despite the success of encoder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Isaac Roberts , Alexander Schulz , Luca Hermes , Barbara Hammer

Tabular deep-learning methods require embedding numerical and categorical input features into high-dimensional spaces before processing them. Existing methods deal with this heterogeneous nature of tabular data by employing separate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Boshko Koloski , Andrei Margeloiu , Xiangjian Jiang , Blaž Škrlj , Nikola Simidjievski , Mateja Jamnik

While protein language models (PLMs) are one of the most promising avenues of research for future de novo protein design, the way in which they transform sequences to hidden representations, as well as the information encoded in such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Kosio Beshkov , Anders Malthe-Sørenssen

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit failures on elementary symbolic tasks such as character counting in a word, despite excelling on complex benchmarks. Although this limitation has been noted, the internal reasons remain unclear. We use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ayan Datta , Mounika Marreddy , Alexander Mehler , Zhixue Zhao , Radhika Mamidi

Decoder-only large language models (LLMs) are increasingly replacing BERT-style architectures as the backbone for dense retrieval, achieving substantial performance gains and broad adoption. However, the robustness of these LLM-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yongkang Li , Panagiotis Eustratiadis , Yixing Fan , Evangelos Kanoulas

Large language models (LLMs) are known to inherit and even amplify societal biases present in their pre-training corpora, threatening fairness and social trust. To address this issue, recent work has explored ``editing'' LLM parameters to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Daiki Shirafuji , Tatsuhiko Saito , Yasutomo Kimura

In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of leveraging large language models (LLMs) for integrating general knowledge and incorporating pseudo-events as priors for temporal content distribution in video moment retrieval (VMR) models.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yiyang Jiang , Wengyu Zhang , Xulu Zhang , Xiaoyong Wei , Chang Wen Chen , Qing Li

Dense vector representations for textual data are crucial in modern NLP. Word embeddings and sentence embeddings estimated from raw texts are key in achieving state-of-the-art results in various tasks requiring semantic understanding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Sonal Sannigrahi , Josef van Genabith , Cristina Espana-Bonet

Purpose: Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) from OpenAI and LLaMA (Large Language Model Meta AI) from Meta AI are increasingly recognized for their potential in the field of cheminformatics,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-22 Shaghayegh Sadeghi , Alan Bui , Ali Forooghi , Jianguo Lu , Alioune Ngom

In Transformers, Position Embeddings (PEs) significantly influence Length Generalization (LG) performance, yet their fundamental role remains unclear. In this work, we investigate the limitations and capabilities of PEs in achieving LG. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yang Chen , Yitao Liang , Zhouchen Lin

Large decoder-only language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in generation and reasoning tasks, where they generate text responses given instructions. However, many applications, e.g., retrieval augmented generation (RAG),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Caojin Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Ke Li , Sai Vidyaranya Nuthalapati , Benyu Zhang , Jason Liu , Serena Li , Lizhu Zhang , Xiangjun Fan

Domain-specific text embeddings are critical for clinical natural language processing, yet systematic comparisons across model architectures remain limited. This study evaluates ten transformer-based embedding models adapted for cardiology…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Richard J. Young , Alice M. Matthews

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on complex reasoning tasks, yet little is known about their ability to internally evaluate problem difficulty, which is an essential capability for adaptive reasoning and efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sunbowen Lee , Qingyu Yin , Chak Tou Leong , Jialiang Zhang , Yicheng Gong , Shiwen Ni , Min Yang , Xiaoyu Shen