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In human-robot collaboration, shared control presents an opportunity to teleoperate robotic manipulation to improve the efficiency of manufacturing and assembly processes. Robots are expected to assist in executing the user's intentions. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Mingyu Cai , Karankumar Patel , Soshi Iba , Songpo Li

This paper introduces a new computing model based on the cooperation among Turing machines called orchestrated machines. Like universal Turing machines, orchestrated machines are also designed to simulate Turing machines but they can also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Norbert Bátfai

Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) has significantly enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet current agents tend to exhibit cognitive offloading, redundantly invoking external tools even for simple tasks. In this paper,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Zhaiyu Fang , Ruipeng Sun

Augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with external tools enables them to execute complex, multi-step tasks. However, tool learning is hampered by the static synthetic data pipelines where data generation and model training are executed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Kangning Zhang , Wenxiang Jiao , Kounianhua Du , Yuan Lu , Weiwen Liu , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Recent progress in large language models has made them increasingly capable research assistants in mathematics. Yet, as their reasoning abilities improve, evaluating their mathematical competence becomes increasingly challenging. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Adil Salim

Mobile Edge Learning (MEL) is a learning paradigm that enables distributed training of Machine Learning models over heterogeneous edge devices (e.g., IoT devices). Multi-orchestrator MEL refers to the coexistence of multiple learning tasks…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Mhd Saria Allahham , Sameh Sorour , Amr Mohamed , Aiman Erbad , Mohsen Guizani

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) integrated with external tools and APIs have successfully addressed complex tasks by using in-context learning or fine-tuning. Despite this progress, the vast scale of tool retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Yuxiang Zhang , Xin Fan , Junjie Wang , Chongxian Chen , Fan Mo , Tetsuya Sakai , Hayato Yamana

Structured reasoning can improve the inference performance of large language models (LLMs), but it also introduces computational cost and control constraints. When additional reasoning structure helps, and when it instead reduces efficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Junyu Guo , Shangding Gu , Ming Jin , Costas Spanos , Javad Lavaei

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable advancements by leveraging tools to interact with environments, a critical step toward generalized AI. However, the standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approach, which relies on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Yuming Yang , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan , Zhengyin Du

Tool learning aims to enhance and expand large language models' (LLMs) capabilities with external tools, which has gained significant attention recently. Current methods have shown that LLMs can effectively handle a certain amount of tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Qiancheng Xu , Yongqi Li , Heming Xia , Wenjie Li

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in NLP tasks, they still need external tools to extend their ability. Current research on tool learning with LLMs often assumes mandatory tool use, which does not always align with real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Kangyun Ning , Yisong Su , Xueqiang Lv , Yuanzhe Zhang , Jian Liu , Kang Liu , Jinan Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) equipped with external tools have demonstrated enhanced performance on complex reasoning tasks. The widespread adoption of this tool-augmented reasoning is hindered by the scarcity of domain-specific tools. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Murong Yue , Zhiwei Liu , Liangwei Yang , Jianguo Zhang , Zuxin Liu , Haolin Chen , Ziyu Yao , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Shelby Heinecke , Huan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) typically come with a fixed architecture, despite growing evidence that not all layers contribute equally to every downstream task. We introduce TALE (Task-Aware Layer Elimination), an inference-time method that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Omar Naim , Krish Sharma , Niyar R Barman , Nicholas Asher

The evidence is growing that machine and deep learning methods can learn the subtle differences between the language produced by people with various forms of cognitive impairment such as dementia and cognitively healthy individuals.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Changye Li , Weizhe Xu , Trevor Cohen , Martin Michalowski , Serguei Pakhomov

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the landscape of Natural Language Processing systems, but are computationally expensive. To reduce the cost without sacrificing performance, previous studies have explored various approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Hao Cheng , Mari Ostendorf

Enabling large language models to utilize real-world tools effectively is crucial for achieving embodied intelligence. Existing approaches to tool learning have either primarily relied on extremely large language models, such as GPT-4, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Qiaoyu Tang , Ziliang Deng , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Qiao Liang , Boxi Cao , Le Sun

Mathematical reasoning is an important research direction in the field of artificial intelligence. This article proposes a novel multi tool application framework for mathematical reasoning, aiming to achieve more comprehensive and accurate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Zhihua Duan , Jialin Wang

Despite the advancements of open-source large language models (LLMs), e.g., LLaMA, they remain significantly limited in tool-use capabilities, i.e., using external tools (APIs) to fulfill human instructions. The reason is that current…

Agentic applications are LLMs that iteratively invoke external tools to accomplish complex tasks. Such tool-based agents are rapidly becoming the dominant paradigm for deploying language models in production. Unlike traditional single-turn…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Anish Biswas , Kanishk Goel , Srivarshinee S , Jayashree Mohan , Alind Khare , Anjaly Parayil , Ramachandran Ramjee , Chetan Bansal

Intelligent tutors have shown success in delivering a personalized and adaptive learning experience. However, there exist challenges regarding the granularity of knowledge in existing frameworks and the resulting instructions they can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Momin N. Siddiqui , Adit Gupta , Jennifer M. Reddig , Christopher J. MacLellan