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As Generative AI continues to become more accessible, the case for robust detection of generated images in order to combat misinformation is stronger than ever. Invisible watermarking methods act as identifiers of generated content,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Dongjun Hwang , Sungwon Woo , Tom Gao , Raymond Luo , Sunghwan Baek

Speech watermarking techniques can proactively mitigate the potential harmful consequences of instant voice cloning techniques. These techniques involve the insertion of signals into speech that are imperceptible to humans but can be…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-19 Shengpeng Ji , Ziyue Jiang , Jialong Zuo , Minghui Fang , Yifu Chen , Tao Jin , Zhou Zhao

With the advancements in AI speech synthesis, it is easier than ever before to generate realistic audio in a target voice. One only needs a few seconds of reference audio from the target, quite literally putting words in the target person's…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Candice R. Gerstner

Diffusion Models (DMs) have achieved remarkable success in realistic voice cloning (VC), while they also increase the risk of malicious misuse. Existing proactive defenses designed for traditional VC models aim to disrupt the forgery…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Qianyue Hu , Junyan Wu , Wei Lu , Xiangyang Luo

AI-generated content has accelerated the topic of media synthesis, particularly Deepfake, which can manipulate our portraits for positive or malicious purposes. Before releasing these threatening face images, one promising forensics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Xiaoshuai Wu , Xin Liao , Bo Ou , Yuling Liu , Zheng Qin

Training deep neural networks from scratch could be computationally expensive and requires a lot of training data. Recent work has explored different watermarking techniques to protect the pre-trained deep neural networks from potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Xinyun Chen , Wenxiao Wang , Chris Bender , Yiming Ding , Ruoxi Jia , Bo Li , Dawn Song

Invisible Image Watermarking is crucial for ensuring content provenance and accountability in generative AI. While Gen-AI providers are increasingly integrating invisible watermarking systems, the robustness of these schemes against forgery…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Ziping Dong , Chao Shuai , Zhongjie Ba , Peng Cheng , Zhan Qin , Qinglong Wang , Kui Ren

Large language model (LLM) watermarking has shown promise in detecting AI-generated content and mitigating misuse, with prior work claiming robustness against paraphrasing and text editing. In this paper, we argue that existing evaluations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hanbo Huang , Yiran Zhang , Hao Zheng , Xuan Gong , Yihan Li , Lin Liu , Zhuotao Liu , Shiyu Liang

Logical Access (LA) attacks, also known as audio deepfake attacks, use Text-to-Speech (TTS) or Voice Conversion (VC) methods to generate spoofed speech data. This can represent a serious threat to Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV)…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Anacin , Angela , Shruti Kshirsagar , Anderson R. Avila

Watermarking plays a key role in the provenance and detection of AI-generated content. While existing methods prioritize robustness against real-world distortions (e.g., JPEG compression and noise addition), we reveal a fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zhongjie Ba , Yitao Zhang , Peng Cheng , Bin Gong , Xinyu Zhang , Qinglong Wang , Kui Ren

Large language models (LLMs) can be trained or fine-tuned on data obtained without the owner's consent. Verifying whether a specific LLM was trained on particular data instances or an entire dataset is extremely challenging. Dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Eyal German , Sagiv Antebi , Edan Habler , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

CAPTCHAs are designed to prevent malicious bot programs from abusing websites. Most online service providers deploy audio CAPTCHAs as an alternative to text and image CAPTCHAs for visually impaired users. However, prior research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Md Imran Hossen , Xiali Hei

Watermarking has been proposed as a lightweight mechanism to identify AI-generated text, with schemes typically relying on perturbations to token distributions. While prior work shows that paraphrasing can weaken such signals, these attacks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Gokul Ganesan

Benefiting from the superior capabilities of large language models in natural language understanding and generation, Embeddings-as-a-Service (EaaS) has emerged as a successful commercial paradigm on the web platform. However, prior studies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Hao Li , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Yingjie Li , Fang Fang , Xuebin Wang

Watermarking inserts invisible data into content to protect copyright. The embedded information provides proof of authorship and facilitates tracking illegal distribution, etc. Current robust watermarking techniques have been proposed to…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Wook-Hyung Kim , Seung-Hun Nam , Ji-Hyeon Kang , Heung-Kyu Lee

Digital audio watermarking consists in inserting a message into audio signals in a transparent way and can be used to allow automatic recognition of audio material and management of the copyrights. We propose a perceptual loss function to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-05 Martin Moritz , Toni Olán , Tuomas Virtanen

As artificial intelligence tools become ubiquitous in education, maintaining academic integrity while accommodating pedagogically beneficial AI assistance presents unprecedented challenges. Current AI detection systems fail to control false…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-01 Yangxinyu Xie , Xuyang Chen , Zhimei Ren , Weijie J. Su

Deepfake audio presents a growing threat to digital security, due to its potential for social engineering, fraud, and identity misuse. However, existing detection models suffer from poor generalization across datasets, due to implicit…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yasaman Ahmadiadli , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Naimul Khan

Text watermarking technology aims to tag and identify content produced by large language models (LLMs) to prevent misuse. In this study, we introduce the concept of cross-lingual consistency in text watermarking, which assesses the ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Zhiwei He , Binglin Zhou , Hongkun Hao , Aiwei Liu , Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang

Voice Authentication Systems (VAS) use unique vocal characteristics for verification. They are increasingly integrated into high-security sectors such as banking and healthcare. Despite their improvements using deep learning, they face…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Kamel Kamel , Hridoy Sankar Dutta , Keshav Sood , Sunil Aryal