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Training deep neural networks with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) can often achieve zero training loss on real-world tasks although the optimization landscape is known to be highly non-convex. To understand the success of SGD for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-15 Yiping Lu , Chao Ma , Yulong Lu , Jianfeng Lu , Lexing Ying

We consider a mean-field control problem in which admissible controls are required to be adapted to the common noise filtration. The main objective is to show how the mean-field control problem can be approximates by time consistent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-19 Bruno Bouchard , Xiaolu Tan

We analyze multi-layer neural networks in the asymptotic regime of simultaneously (A) large network sizes and (B) large numbers of stochastic gradient descent training iterations. We rigorously establish the limiting behavior of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-04-06 Justin Sirignano , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

Optimizing objectives under constraints, where both the objectives and constraints are black box functions, is a common scenario in real-world applications such as scientific experimental design, design of medical therapies, and industrial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Fengxue Zhang , Zejie Zhu , Yuxin Chen

Contextual Bayesian optimization (CBO) is a powerful framework for sequential decision-making given side information, with important applications, e.g., in wind energy systems. In this setting, the learner receives context (e.g., weather…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-18 Shyam Sundhar Ramesh , Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Andreas Krause , Ilija Bogunovic

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a popular approach to optimizing expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions. Despite the success of BO, its performance may decrease exponentially as the dimensionality increases. A common framework to tackle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Quoc-Anh Hoang Nguyen , The Hung Tran

Introduced in 2017 \cite{B1-pinnau2017consensus}, Consensus-Based Optimization (CBO) has rapidly emerged as a significant breakthrough in global optimization. This straightforward yet powerful multi-particle, zero-order optimization method…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-05-29 Massimo Fornasier , Lukang Sun

When gradient-based methods are impractical, black-box optimization (BBO) provides a valuable alternative. However, BBO often struggles with high-dimensional problems and limited trial budgets. In this work, we propose a novel approach…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-03 Riccardo Busetto , Manas Mejari , Marco Forgione , Alberto Bemporad , Dario Piga

We propose a multi-swarm approach to approximate the Pareto front of general multi-objective optimization problems that is based on the Consensus-based Optimization method (CBO). The algorithm is motivated step by step beginning with a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-30 Kathrin Klamroth , Michael Stiglmayr , Claudia Totzeck

We present a multi-agent algorithm for multi-objective optimization problems, which extends the class of consensus-based optimization methods and relies on a scalarization strategy. The optimization is achieved by a set of interacting…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-31 Giacomo Borghi , Michael Herty , Lorenzo Pareschi

We discuss here the mean-field theory for a cellular automata model of meta-learning. The meta-learning is the process of combining outcomes of individual learning procedures in order to determine the final decision with higher accuracy…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-13 Dariusz Plewczynski

Discovering optimal designs through sequential data collection is essential in many real-world applications. While Bayesian Optimization (BO) has achieved remarkable success in this setting, growing attention has recently turned to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Chih-Yu Chang , Qiyuan Chen , Tianhan Gao , David Fenning , Chinedum Okwudire , Neil Dasgupta , Wei Lu , Raed Al Kontar

This paper is devoted to the numerical resolution of McKean-Vlasov control problems via the class of mean-field neural networks introduced in our companion paper [25] in order to learn the solution on the Wasserstein space. We propose…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-20 Huyên Pham , Xavier Warin

Continual learning aims to learn multiple tasks sequentially while preserving prior knowledge, but faces the challenge of catastrophic forgetting when adapting to new tasks. Recently, approaches leveraging pre-trained models have gained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Quan Cheng , Yuanyu Wan , Lingyu Wu , Chenping Hou , Lijun Zhang

Constrained reinforcement learning has achieved promising progress in safety-critical fields where both rewards and constraints are considered. However, constrained reinforcement learning methods face challenges in striking the right…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jianmina Ma , Jingtian Ji , Yue Gao

We consider learning two layer neural networks using stochastic gradient descent. The mean-field description of this learning dynamics approximates the evolution of the network weights by an evolution in the space of probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-19 Song Mei , Theodor Misiakiewicz , Andrea Montanari

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular method to optimize costly black-box functions. While traditional BO optimizes each new target task from scratch, meta-learning has emerged as a way to leverage knowledge from related tasks to optimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Jiarong Pan , Stefan Falkner , Felix Berkenkamp , Joaquin Vanschoren

With the development of large-scale models, traditional distributed bilevel optimization algorithms cannot be applied directly in low-resource clients. The key reason lies in the excessive computation involved in optimizing both the lower-…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Mingyi Li , Xiao Zhang , Ruisheng Zheng , Hongjian Shi , Yuan Yuan , Xiuzhen Cheng , Dongxiao Yu

We study the derivative-free global optimization algorithm Consensus-Based Optimization (CBO), establishing uniform-in-time propagation of chaos as well as an almost uniform-in-time stability result for the microscopic particle system.…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Nicolai Gerber , Franca Hoffmann , Dohyeon Kim , Urbain Vaes

Collaborative learning is an important tool to train multiple clients more effectively by enabling communication among clients. Identifying helpful clients, however, presents challenging and often introduces significant overhead. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Diba Hashemi , Lie He , Martin Jaggi