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Combinatorial optimization is a fundamental challenge in various domains, with portfolio optimization standing out as a key application in finance. Despite numerous quantum algorithmic approaches proposed for this problem, most overlook a…

The majority of standard approaches to financial portfolio optimization (PO) are based on the mean-variance (MV) framework. Given a risk aversion coefficient, the MV procedure yields a single portfolio that represents the optimal trade-off…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-02-27 Bruno Gašperov , Marko Đurasević , Domagoj Jakobovic

Applying optimal control algorithms on realistic quantum systems confronts two key challenges: to efficiently adopt physical constraints in the optimization and to minimize the variables for the convenience of experimental tune-ups. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-09 Yao Song , Junning Li , Yong-Ju Hai , Qihao Guo , Xiu-Hao Deng

The mean and variance of portfolio returns are the standard quantities to measure the expected return and risk of a portfolio. Efficient portfolios that provide optimal trade-offs between mean and variance warrant consideration. To express…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-15 Shengjie Xiu , Xiwen Wang , Daniel P. Palomar

While variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have demonstrated considerable success in unconstrained optimization, their application to constrained combinatorial problems face a trade-off. Penalty-based methods, despite their circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Hui-Min Li , Yuan-Liang Han , Zhi-Xi Wang , Shao-Ming Fei

Investment portfolio optimization is a task conducted in all major financial institutions. The Cardinality Constrained Mean-Variance Portfolio Optimization (CCPO) problem formulation is ubiquitous for portfolio optimization. The challenge…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Simon Paquette-Greenbaum , Jiangbo Yu

Combinatorial optimization with a smooth and convex objective function arises naturally in applications such as discrete mean-variance portfolio optimization, where assets must be traded in integer quantities. Although optimal solutions to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Sebastian Schlütter , Tomislav Maras , Alexander Dotterweich , Nico Piatkowski

In recent years, a CRA (Credit Risk Analysis) quantum algorithm with a quadratic speedup over classical analogous methods has been introduced. We propose a new variant of this quantum algorithm with the intent of overcoming some of the most…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Emanuele Dri , Edoardo Giusto , Antonello Aita , Bartolomeo Montrucchio

Given a set of assets and an investment capital, the classical portfolio selection problem consists in determining the amount of capital to be invested in each asset in order to build the most profitable portfolio. The portfolio…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2019-07-17 Justo Puerto , Moises Rodríguez-Madrena , Andrea Scozzari

Critical decision-making issues in science, engineering, and industry are based on combinatorial optimization; however, its application is inherently limited by the NP-hard nature of the problem. A specialized paradigm of analogue quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Rudraksh Sharma , Ravi Katukam , Arjun Nagulapally

Accurate and efficient pricing of multi-asset basket options poses a significant challenge, especially when dealing with complex real-world data. In this work, we investigate the role of quantum-enhanced uncertainty modeling in financial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-12 Muhammad Kashif , Shaf Khalid , Nouhaila Innan , Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique

We investigate the potential of bio-inspired evolutionary algorithms for designing quantum circuits with specific goals, focusing on two particular tasks. The first one is motivated by the ideas of Artificial Life that are used to reproduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Shailendra Bhandari , Stefano Nichele , Sergiy Denysov , Pedro G. Lind

We propose an algorithm for variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) to optimize the structure of parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) efficiently. The algorithm optimizes the PQC structure on-the-fly in VQA by sequentially replacing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-17 Kaito Wada , Rudy Raymond , Yuki Sato , Hiroshi C. Watanabe

We introduce a method for solving the Max-Cut problem using a variational algorithm and a continuous-variables quantum computing approach. The quantum circuit consists of two parts: the first one embeds a graph into a circuit using the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Michał Stęchły , Ntwali Bashige , Przemysław Chojecki

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems are prevalent in real-world applications, such as portfolio optimization, but pose significant computational challenges for large-scale instances. We propose a hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Soumyadip Das , Suman Kumar Roy , Rahul Rana , M Girish Chandra

We apply numerical dynamic programming techniques to solve discrete-time multi-asset dynamic portfolio optimization problems with proportional transaction costs and shorting/borrowing constraints. Examples include problems with multiple…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-03-05 Yongyang Cai , Kenneth Judd , Rong Xu

Combinatorial optimization is a promising application for near-term quantum computers, however, identifying performant algorithms suited to noisy quantum hardware remains as an important goal to potentially realizing quantum computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Titus D. Morris , Ananth Kaushik , Martin Roetteler , Phillip C. Lotshaw

Financial markets are complex environments that produce enormous amounts of noisy and non-stationary data. One fundamental problem is online portfolio selection, the goal of which is to exploit this data to sequentially select portfolios of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-23 Favour M. Nyikosa , Michael A. Osborne , Stephen J. Roberts

In variational quantum algorithms, parameterization is typically applied to single-qubit gates.In this study, we instead parameterize a generalized controlled gate and propose an algorithm to locally minimize the cost function by maximally…

Variational quantum algorithms and, in particular, variants of the varational quantum eigensolver have been proposed to address combinatorial optimization (CO) problems. Using only shallow ansatz circuits, these approaches are deemed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Tim Schwägerl , Yahui Chai , Tobias Hartung , Karl Jansen , Stefan Kühn