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We continue to investigate the use of quantum computers for building an optimal portfolio out of a universe of 60 U.S. listed, liquid equities. Starting from historical market data, we apply our unique problem formulation on the D-Wave…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-08-21 Jeffrey Cohen , Alex Khan , Clark Alexander

This paper proposes a highly efficient quantum algorithm for portfolio optimisation targeted at near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. Recent work by Hodson et al. (2019) explored potential application of hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-29 N. Slate , E. Matwiejew , S. Marsh , J. B. Wang

Tracking a financial index boils down to replicating its trajectory of returns for a well-defined time span by investing in a weighted subset of the securities included in the benchmark. Picking the optimal combination of assets becomes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Samuel Fernández-Lorenzo , Diego Porras , Juan José García-Ripoll

Portfolio optimization is a fundamental problem in finance that aims to determine the optimal allocation of assets within a portfolio to maximize returns while minimizing risk. It can be formulated as a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Anbang Wang , Zhonggang Lv , Zhenyuan Ma , Dunbo Cai , Zhihong Zhang

In this paper we tackle the problem of dynamic portfolio optimization, i.e., determining the optimal trading trajectory for an investment portfolio of assets over a period of time, taking into account transaction costs and other possible…

Financial derivative pricing is a significant challenge in finance, involving the valuation of instruments like options based on underlying assets. While some cases have simple solutions, many require complex classical computational methods…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-15 Robert Scriba , Yuying Li , Jingbo B Wang

We investigate a hybrid quantum-classical solution method to the mean-variance portfolio optimization problems. Starting from real financial data statistics and following the principles of the Modern Portfolio Theory, we generate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-01 Davide Venturelli , Alexei Kondratyev

Variational quantum algorithms dominate contemporary gate-based quantum enhanced optimisation, eigenvalue estimation and machine learning. Here we establish the quantum computational universality of variational quantum computation by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-25 Jacob Biamonte

Portfolio construction has been a long-standing topic of research in finance. The computational complexity and the time taken both increase rapidly with the number of investments in the portfolio. It becomes difficult, even impossible for…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Queenie Sun , Nicholas Grablevsky , Huaizhang Deng , Pooya Azadi

Here we show how universal quantum computers based on the quantum circuit model can handle mathematical analysis calculations for functions with continuous domains, without any digitalization, and with remarkably few qubits. The basic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-10 Pablo Bermejo , Roman Orus

Hybrid-quantum classical optimization has emerged as a promising direction for addressing financial decision problems under current quantum hardware constraints. In this work we present a practical end-to-end portfolio optimization pipeline…

Portfolio optimization is an inseparable part of strategic asset allocation at the Czech National Bank. Quantum computing is a new technology offering algorithms for that problem. The capabilities and limitations of quantum computers with…

General Economics · Economics 2023-03-06 Martin Vesely

This work explores the potential of the Variational Quantum Eigensolver in solving Dynamic Portfolio Optimization problems surpassing the 100 qubit utility frontier. We systematically analyze how to scale this strategy in complexity and…

Quantum optimization has gained increasing attention as advances in quantum hardware enable the exploration of problem instances approaching real-world scale. Among existing approaches, variational quantum algorithms and quantum annealing…

Portfolio optimization is one of the most studied optimization problems at the intersection of quantum computing and finance. In this work, we develop the first quantum formulation for a portfolio optimization problem with higher-order…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Valter Uotila , Julia Ripatti , Bo Zhao

In this paper we briefly review two recent use-cases of quantum optimization algorithms applied to hard problems in finance and economy. Specifically, we discuss the prediction of financial crashes as well as dynamic portfolio optimization.…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-10-06 Samuel Mugel , Enrique Lizaso , Roman Orus

Quantum variational circuits have gained significant attention due to their applications in the quantum approximate optimization algorithm and quantum machine learning research. This work introduces a novel class of classical probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Gal Weitz , Lirandë Pira , Chris Ferrie , Joshua Combes

We present an end-to-end pipeline for large-scale portfolio selection with cardinality constraints and experimentally demonstrate it on trapped-ion quantum processors using hardware-aware decomposition. Building on RMT-based…

Portfolio optimisation is essential in quantitative investing, but its implementation faces several practical difficulties. One particular challenge is converting optimal portfolio weights into real-life trades in the presence of realistic…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-10-01 Cristiano Arbex Valle

Effectively encoding inequality constraints is a primary obstacle in applying quantum algorithms to financial optimization. A quantum model for Markowitz portfolio optimization is presented that resolves this by embedding slack variables…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Pablo Thomassin , Guillaume Guerard , Sonia Djebali , Vincent Marc Lambert