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We consider the problem of full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation in a factor analysis model when a majority of the data values are missing. The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is often used to find the FIML…

Computation · Statistics 2013-12-20 Kei Hirose , Sunyong Kim , Yutaka Kano , Miyuki Imada , Manabu Yoshida , Masato Matsuo

In federated learning, a central server coordinates the training of a single model on a massively distributed network of devices. This setting can be naturally extended to a multi-task learning framework, to handle real-world federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Luca Corinzia , Ami Beuret , Joachim M. Buhmann

Nowadays small and medium-sized enterprises have become an essential part of the national economy. With the increasing number of such enterprises, how to evaluate their credit risk becomes a hot issue. Unlike big enterprises with massive…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-05-03 Marui Du , Yue Ma , Zuoquan Zhang

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a groundbreaking paradigm in machine learning (ML), offering privacy-preserving collaborative model training across diverse datasets. Despite its promise, FL faces significant hurdles in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Christian Internò , Markus Olhofer , Yaochu Jin , Barbara Hammer

Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) enables a collection of agents to collaboratively learn individual models without sharing raw data. We propose a new PFL approach in which each agent optimizes a weighted combination of all agents'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Jean-Baptiste Fermanian , Batiste Le Bars , Aurélien Bellet

Federated learning is a promising distributed learning paradigm that enables collaborative model training without exposing local client data, thereby protecting data privacy. However, it also brings new threats and challenges. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Nina Cai , Jinguang Han , Weizhi Meng

Federated learning is a distributed and privacy-preserving approach to train a statistical model collaboratively from decentralized data of different parties. However, when datasets of participants are not independent and identically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Li Ju , Tianru Zhang , Salman Toor , Andreas Hellander

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed training with private client data, but its convergence is hindered by system heterogeneity under realistic communication scenarios. Most FL schemes addressing system heterogeneity utilize global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Keumseo Ryum , Jinu Gong , Joonhyuk Kang

Training ML models which are fair across different demographic groups is of critical importance due to the increased integration of ML in crucial decision-making scenarios such as healthcare and recruitment. Federated learning has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Yahya H. Ezzeldin , Shen Yan , Chaoyang He , Emilio Ferrara , Salman Avestimehr

Federated learning involves training statistical models over remote devices such as mobile phones while keeping data localized. Training in heterogeneous and potentially massive networks introduces opportunities for privacy-preserving data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Afra Mashhadi , Alex Kyllo , Reza M. Parizi

Federated learning involves training statistical models over remote devices or siloed data centers, such as mobile phones or hospitals, while keeping data localized. Training in heterogeneous and potentially massive networks introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Tian Li , Anit Kumar Sahu , Ameet Talwalkar , Virginia Smith

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning technique designed to preserve data privacy and security, and it has gained significant importance due to its broad range of applications. This paper addresses the problem of optimal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-16 Tony Cai , Abhinav Chakraborty , Lasse Vuursteen

Performance evaluation is essential for assessing the quality of machine learning (ML) models and guiding deployment decisions. In federated learning (FL), assessing the performance is challenging because data are distributed across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Fabian Stricker , Jose A. Peregrina , David Bermbach , Christian Zirpins

Vertical federated learning (VFL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm that can learn models from features distributed on different platforms in a privacy-preserving way. Since in real-world applications the data may contain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Tao Qi , Fangzhao Wu , Chuhan Wu , Lingjuan Lyu , Tong Xu , Zhongliang Yang , Yongfeng Huang , Xing Xie

The recent trend towards Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) has garnered significant attention as it allows for the training of models that are tailored to each client while maintaining data privacy. However, current PFL techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Yue Wu , Shuaicheng Zhang , Wenchao Yu , Yanchi Liu , Quanquan Gu , Dawei Zhou , Haifeng Chen , Wei Cheng

Federated learning (FL) is the most popular distributed machine learning technique. FL allows machine-learning models to be trained without acquiring raw data to a single point for processing. Instead, local models are trained with local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Qun Li , Chandra Thapa , Lawrence Ong , Yifeng Zheng , Hua Ma , Seyit A. Camtepe , Anmin Fu , Yansong Gao

Federated prognostics enable clients (e.g., companies, factories, and production lines) to collaboratively develop a failure time prediction model while keeping each client's data local and confidential. However, traditional federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yuhan Hu , Xiaolei Fang

The emergence of vertical federated learning (VFL) has stimulated concerns about the imperfection in privacy protection, as shared feature embeddings may reveal sensitive information under privacy attacks. This paper studies the delicate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Yuxi Mi , Hongquan Liu , Yewei Xia , Yiheng Sun , Jihong Guan , Shuigeng Zhou

While federated learning (FL) enables fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) without compromising data privacy, the substantial size of an LLM renders on-device training impractical for resource-constrained clients, such as mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zihan Fang , Zheng Lin , Senkang Hu , Yanan Ma , Yihang Tao , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang

Federated learning has emerged as a powerful framework for analysing distributed data, yet two challenges remain pivotal: heterogeneity across sites and privacy of local data. In this paper, we address both challenges within a federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Mengchu Li , Ye Tian , Yang Feng , Yi Yu