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Deploying Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained edge devices for long-sequence tasks remains challenging due to the quadratic time complexity of self-attention and growing Key-Value (KV) cache demands. While…

Both efficient neural networks and hardware accelerators are being explored to speed up DNN inference on edge devices. For example, MobileNet uses depthwise separable convolution to achieve much lower latency, while systolic arrays provide…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Surya Selvam , Vinod Ganesan , Pratyush Kumar

Though CNNs are highly parallel workloads, in the absence of efficient on-chip memory reuse techniques, an accelerator for them quickly becomes memory bound. In this paper, we propose a CNN accelerator design for inference that is able to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kingshuk Majumder , Shubham Nema , Uday Bondhugula

Recent advancements in quantization and mixed-precision approaches offers substantial opportunities to improve the speed and energy efficiency of Neural Networks (NN). Research has shown that individual parameters with varying low…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Giorgos Armeniakos , Alexis Maras , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

With the growing adoption of deep learning for on-device TinyML applications, there has been an ever-increasing demand for efficient neural network backbones optimized for the edge. Recently, the introduction of attention condenser networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Alexander Wong , Mohammad Javad Shafiee , Saad Abbasi , Saeejith Nair , Mahmoud Famouri

FPGA overlays are commonly implemented as coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures with a goal to improve designers' productivity through balancing flexibility and ease of configuration of the underlying fabric. To truly facilitate full…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Ho-Cheung Ng , Cheng Liu , Hayden Kwok-Hay So

The widespread diffusion of compute-intensive edge-AI workloads and the stringent demands of modern autonomous systems require advanced heterogeneous embedded architectures. Such architectures must support high-performance and reliable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Enrico Zelioli , Alessandro Ottaviano , Robert Balas , Nils Wistoff , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

After the tremendous success of convolutional neural networks in image classification, object detection, speech recognition, etc., there is now rising demand for deployment of these compute-intensive ML models on tightly power constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Lukas Cavigelli , Luca Benini

By supporting the access of multiple memory words at the same time, Bit-line Computing (BC) architectures allow the parallel execution of bit-wise operations in-memory. At the array periphery, arithmetic operations are then derived with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Marco Rios , Flavio Ponzina , Alexandre Levisse , Giovanni Ansaloni , David Atienza

Examples of embedded intelligence include a wide variety of tiny neural networks used on-board wireless sensors and actuators, which are expected to continuously perform inference on time-series of the data they sense. In order to fit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhaolan Huang , Emmanuel Baccelli

The rise of mobile AI accelerators allows latency-sensitive applications to execute lightweight Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on the client side. However, critical applications require powerful models that edge devices cannot host and must…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-02 Alireza Furutanpey , Philipp Raith , Schahram Dustdar

Artificial neural networks have become ubiquitous in modern life, which has triggered the emergence of a new class of application specific integrated circuits for their acceleration. ReRAM-based accelerators have gained significant traction…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-14 Jason K. Eshraghian , Sung-Mo Kang , Seungbum Baek , Garrick Orchard , Herbert Ho-Ching Iu , Wen Lei

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are bio-plausible models that hold great potential for realizing energy-efficient implementations of sequential tasks on resource-constrained edge devices. However, commercial edge platforms based on standard…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Marco Paul E. Apolinario , Adarsh Kumar Kosta , Utkarsh Saxena , Kaushik Roy

Analog In-Memory Computing (AIMC) is emerging as a disruptive paradigm for heterogeneous computing, potentially delivering orders of magnitude better peak performance and efficiency over traditional digital signal processing architectures…

Compute-in-memory (CIM) accelerators for spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising solutions to enable $\mu$s-level inference latency and ultra-low energy in edge vision applications. Yet, their current lack of flexibility at both the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Nicolas Chauvaux , Adrian Kneip , Christoph Posch , Kofi Makinwa , Charlotte Frenkel

The growing demand for efficient, high-performance processing in machine learning (ML) and image processing has made hardware accelerators, such as GPUs and Data Streaming Accelerators (DSAs), increasingly essential. These accelerators…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Qunyou Liu , Marina Zapater , David Atienza

Compared to the first generation of deep neural networks, dominated by regular, compute-intensive kernels such as matrix multiplications (MatMuls) and convolutions, modern decoder-based transformers interleave attention, normalization, and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Max Wipfli , Gamze İslamoğlu , Navaneeth Kunhi Purayil , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

The growing computational demands of machine learning (ML) workloads have driven the design of ML accelerators aiming at an optimal tradeoff between efficiency and flexibility. A widely explored architecture for flexible ML accelerators is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Luca Colagrande , Lorenzo Leone , Maximilian Coco , Andrei Deaconeasa , Luca Benini

Stochastic computing (SC) offers significant reductions in hardware complexity for traditional convolutional neural networks(CNNs). However, despite its advantages, stochastic computing neural networks (SCNNs) often suffer from high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Sheng Lu , Qianhou Qu , Sungyong Jung , Qilian Liang , Chenyun Pan

Edge computing offers the distinct advantage of harnessing compute capabilities on resources located at the edge of the network to run workloads of relatively weak user devices. This is achieved by offloading computationally intensive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jason Kennedy , Blesson Varghese , Carlos Reaño