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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show promise for robotic control, yet performance in complex household environments remains sub-optimal. Mobile manipulation requires reasoning about global scene layout, fine-grained geometry, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ruisen Tu , Arth Shukla , Sohyun Yoo , Xuanlin Li , Junxi Li , Jianwen Xie , Hao Su , Zhuowen Tu

The literature on adversarial attacks in computer vision typically focuses on pixel-level perturbations. These tend to be very difficult to interpret. Recent work that manipulates the latent representations of image generators to create…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Stephen Casper , Max Nadeau , Dylan Hadfield-Menell , Gabriel Kreiman

Research on Vision Language Action (VLA) models has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Although some of them focus on detecting, preventing, and recovering from task failures, they usually don't deal with adapting to robot's physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hüseyin Arslan , Özgür Erkent

To operate in real-world high-stakes environments, deep learning systems have to endure noises that have been continuously thwarting their robustness. Data-end defense, which improves robustness by operations on input data instead of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Jiakai Wang , Zixin Yin , Pengfei Hu , Aishan Liu , Renshuai Tao , Haotong Qin , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown a strong capability in enabling robots to execute general instructions, yet they struggle with contact-rich manipulation tasks, where success requires precise alignment, stable contact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yike Zhang , Yaonan Wang , Xinxin Sun , Kaizhen Huang , Zhiyuan Xu , Junjie Ji , Zhengping Che , Jian Tang , Jingtao Sun

Machine learning classifiers are vulnerable to adversarial examples -- input-specific perturbations that manipulate models' output. Universal Adversarial Perturbations (UAPs), which identify noisy patterns that generalize across the input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Raphael Labaca-Castro , Luis Muñoz-González , Feargus Pendlebury , Gabi Dreo Rodosek , Fabio Pierazzi , Lorenzo Cavallaro

Language-conditioned robotic learning has significantly enhanced robot adaptability by enabling a single model to execute diverse tasks in response to verbal commands. Despite these advancements, security vulnerabilities within this domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ke Zhao , Huayang Huang , Miao Li , Yu Wu

Machine learning models are known to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, namely perturbations of the data that lead to wrong predictions despite being imperceptible. However, the existence of "universal" attacks (i.e., unique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Arianna Rampini , Franco Pestarini , Luca Cosmo , Simone Melzi , Emanuele Rodolà

Universal Adversarial Perturbations (UAPs) are imperceptible, image-agnostic vectors that cause deep neural networks (DNNs) to misclassify inputs with high probability. In practical attack scenarios, adversarial perturbations may undergo…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Changming Xu , Gagandeep Singh

Large language models have become increasingly prominent, also signaling a shift towards multimodality as the next frontier in artificial intelligence, where their embeddings are harnessed as prompts to generate textual content.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jiachen Sun , Changsheng Wang , Jiongxiao Wang , Yiwei Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

With the rapid advancement and widespread application of vision-language pre-training (VLP) models, their vulnerability to adversarial attacks has become a critical concern. In general, the adversarial examples can typically be designed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuanbo Li , Tianyang Xu , Cong Hu , Tao Zhou , Xiao-Jun Wu , Josef Kittler

Downstream fine-tuning of vision-language-action (VLA) models enhances robotics, yet exposes the pipeline to backdoor risks. Attackers can pretrain VLAs on poisoned data to implant backdoors that remain stealthy but can trigger harmful…

Robotic real-world reinforcement learning (RL) with vision-language-action (VLA) models is bottlenecked by sparse, handcrafted rewards and inefficient exploration. We introduce VLAC, a general process reward model built upon InternVL and…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are widely deployed in safety-critical embodied AI applications such as robotics. However, their complex multimodal interactions also expose new security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we investigate a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ji Guo , Wenbo Jiang , Yansong Lin , Yijing Liu , Ruichen Zhang , Guomin Lu , Aiguo Chen , Xinshuo Han , Hongwei Li , Dusit Niyato

Existing adversarial attacks for VLP models are mostly sample-specific, resulting in substantial computational overhead when scaled to large datasets or new scenarios. To overcome this limitation, we propose Hierarchical Refinement Attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Peng-Fei Zhang , Zi Huang

Pre-trained vision-language-action (VLA) models offer a promising foundation for generalist robot policies, but often produce brittle behaviors or unsafe failures when deployed zero-shot in out-of-distribution scenarios. We present…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Cyrus Neary , Omar G. Younis , Artur Kuramshin , Ozgur Aslan , Glen Berseth

Vision-language models (VLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial image perturbations. Existing works based on adversarial training against task-specific adversarial examples are computationally expensive and often fail to generalize to unseen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jingning Xu , Haochen Luo , Chen Liu

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown strong performance in robotic manipulation, yet their robustness to physically realizable adversarial attacks remains underexplored. Existing studies reveal vulnerabilities through language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jiawei Chen , Simin Huang , Jiawei Du , Shuaihang Chen , Yu Tian , Mingjie Wei , Chao Yu , Zhaoxia Yin

Vision foundation models are increasingly employed in autonomous driving systems due to their advanced capabilities. However, these models are susceptible to adversarial attacks, posing significant risks to the reliability and safety of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Jiyuan Fu , Zhaoyu Chen , Kaixun Jiang , Haijing Guo , Shuyong Gao , Wenqiang Zhang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a dominant paradigm for generalist robotic manipulation, unifying perception and control within a single end-to-end architecture. However, despite their success in controlled environments,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Daniel Yezid Guarnizo Orjuela , Leonardo Scappatura , Veronica Di Gennaro , Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci