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In traditional RAG framework, the basic retrieval units are normally short. The common retrievers like DPR normally work with 100-word Wikipedia paragraphs. Such a design forces the retriever to search over a large corpus to find the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ziyan Jiang , Xueguang Ma , Wenhu Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates hallucination in Large Language Models (LLMs) by using query pipelines to retrieve relevant external information and grounding responses in retrieved knowledge. However, query pipeline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Maolin He , Rena Gao , Mike Conway , Brian E. Chapman

Recent advances have extended the context window of frontier LLMs dramatically, from a few thousand tokens up to millions, enabling entire books and codebases to fit into context. However, the compute costs of inferencing long-context LLMs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Nicholas Alonso , Beren Millidge

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph-RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by structuring retrieval over an external corpus. However, existing approaches typically assume a static corpus, requiring expensive full-graph…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Fangyuan Zhang , Zhengjun Huang , Yingli Zhou , Qintian Guo , Zhixun Li , Wensheng Luo , Di Jiang , Yixiang Fang , Xiaofang Zhou

Visual quality assessment (VQA) is increasingly shifting from scalar score prediction toward interpretable quality understanding -- a paradigm that demands \textit{fine-grained spatiotemporal perception} and \textit{auxiliary contextual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Linhan Cao , Wei Sun , Weixia Zhang , Xiangyang Zhu , Kaiwei Zhang , Jun Jia , Dandan Zhu , Guangtao Zhai , Xiongkuo Min

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) effectively mitigates hallucinations in LLMs by incorporating external knowledge. However, the inherent discrete representation of text in existing frameworks often results in a loss of semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pengcheng Zhou , Haochen Li , Zhiqiang Nie , JiaLe Chen , Qing Gong , Weizhen Zhang , Chun Yu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a paradigm that augments large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge to tackle knowledge-intensive question answering. While several benchmarks evaluate Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yin Wu , Quanyu Long , Jing Li , Jianfei Yu , Wenya Wang

With the rise of long-context language models (LMs) capable of processing tens of thousands of tokens in a single context window, do multi-stage retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines still offer measurable benefits over simpler,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Alex Laitenberger , Christopher D. Manning , Nelson F. Liu

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising technique for mitigating two key limitations of large language models (LLMs): outdated information and hallucinations. RAG system stores documents as embedding vectors in a database. Given…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Taehee Jeong , Xingzhe Zhao , Peizu Li , Markus Valvur , Weihua Zhao

Most organizational data in this world are stored as documents, and visual retrieval plays a crucial role in unlocking the collective intelligence from all these documents. However, existing benchmarks focus on English-only document…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jian Chen , Ming Li , Jihyung Kil , Chenguang Wang , Tong Yu , Ryan Rossi , Tianyi Zhou , Changyou Chen , Ruiyi Zhang

Visual Question-Answering (VQA) is a challenging multimodal task that requires integrating visual and textual information to generate accurate responses. While multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (mRAG) has shown promise in enhancing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zhuo Chen , Xinyu Geng , Xinyu Wang , Yong Jiang , Zhen Zhang , Pengjun Xie , Kewei Tu

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are essential for ensuring operational safety and consistency in industrial environments. However, retrieving and following these procedures presents unique challenges, such as rigid proprietary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Liangtao Lin , Zhaomeng Zhu , Tianwei Zhang , Yonggang Wen

Engineering rulebooks and technical standards contain multimodal information like dense text, tables, and illustrations that are challenging for retrieval augmented generation (RAG) systems. Building upon the DesignQA framework [1], which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Kiarash Naghavi Khanghah , Hoang Anh Nguyen , Anna C. Doris , Amir Mohammad Vahedi , Daniele Grandi , Faez Ahmed , Hongyi Xu

Existing multimodal retrieval benchmarks primarily focus on evaluating whether models can retrieve and utilize external textual knowledge for question answering. However, there are scenarios where retrieving visual information is either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Wenbo Hu , Jia-Chen Gu , Zi-Yi Dou , Mohsen Fayyaz , Pan Lu , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) typically relies on a flat retrieval paradigm that maps queries directly to static, isolated text segments. This approach struggles with more complex tasks that require the conditional retrieval and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jihao Dai , Dingjun Wu , Yuxuan Chen , Zheni Zeng , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Maosong Sun

Late-interaction multimodal retrieval models like ColPali achieve state-of-the-art document retrieval by embedding pages as images and computing fine-grained similarity between query tokens and visual patches. However, they operate at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Athos Georgiou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a dominant paradigm for mitigating knowledge hallucination and staleness in large language models (LLMs) while preserving data security. By retrieving relevant evidence from private,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Guohang Yan , Yue Zhang , Pinlong Cai , Ding Wang , Song Mao , Hongwei Zhang , Yaoze Zhang , Hairong Zhang , Xinyu Cai , Botian Shi

The growing demand for efficient and lightweight Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems has highlighted significant challenges when deploying Small Language Models (SLMs) in existing RAG frameworks. Current approaches face severe…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Tianyu Fan , Jingyuan Wang , Xubin Ren , Chao Huang

Although Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown strong generalization in medical imaging, pathology presents unique challenges due to ultra-high resolution, complex tissue structures, and nuanced clinical semantics. These factors make…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Wenchuan Zhang , Jingru Guo , Hengzhe Zhang , Penghao Zhang , Jie Chen , Shuwan Zhang , Zhang Zhang , Yuhao Yi , Hong Bu

The expansion of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) into multimodal domains has intensified the challenge for processing complex visual documents, such as financial reports. While page-level chunking and retrieval is a natural starting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhengren Wang , Dongsheng Ma , Huaping Zhong , Jiayu Li , Wentao Zhang , Bin Wang , Conghui He