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The proliferation of agent frameworks has led to fragmentation in how agents are defined, executed, and evaluated. Existing systems differ in their abstractions, data flow semantics, and tool integrations, making it difficult to share or…

Can large language model agents develop industry-level mobile applications? We introduce \textbf{SWE-Bench Mobile}, a benchmark for evaluating coding agents on realistic software engineering tasks derived from a production iOS codebase.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Muxin Tian , Zhe Wang , Blair Yang , Zhenwei Tang , Kunlun Zhu , Honghua Dong , Hanchen Li , Xinni Xie , Guangjing Wang , Jiaxuan You

Developing and testing user interfaces (UIs) and training AI agents to interact with them are challenging due to the dynamic and diverse nature of real-world mobile environments. Existing methods often rely on cumbersome physical devices or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jiannan Xiang , Yun Zhu , Lei Shu , Maria Wang , Lijun Yu , Gabriel Barcik , James Lyon , Srinivas Sunkara , Jindong Chen

Understanding and modeling human mobility patterns is crucial for effective transportation planning and urban development. Despite significant advances in mobility research, there remains a critical gap in simulation platforms that allow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Yifan Liu , Xishun Liao , Haoxuan Ma , Jonathan Liu , Rohan Jadhav , Jiaqi Ma

This paper presents an architecture for simulating the actions of a norm-aware intelligent agent whose behavior with respect to norm compliance is set, and can later be changed, by a human controller. Updating an agent's behavior mode from…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Sean Glaze , Daniela Inclezan

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is how users interact with mobile apps. To ensure it functions properly, testing engineers have to make sure it functions as intended, based on test requirements that are typically written in natural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yongxiang Hu , Xuan Wang , Yingchuan Wang , Yu Zhang , Shiyu Guo , Chaoyi Chen , Xin Wang , Yangfan Zhou

Mobile GUI agents are becoming critical tools to improve user experience on smart devices, with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) emerging as the dominant paradigms in this domain. Current agents, however, rely on explicit human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Qinglong Yang , Haoming Li , Haotian Zhao , Xiaokai Yan , Jingtao Ding , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Large language models are redefining software engineering by implementing AI-powered techniques throughout the whole software development process, including requirement gathering, software architecture, code generation, testing, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Malik Abdul Sami , Muhammad Waseem , Zeeshan Rasheed , Mika Saari , Kari Systä , Pekka Abrahamsson

The increasing frequency of attacks on Android applications coupled with the recent popularity of large language models (LLMs) necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the capabilities of the latter in identifying potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Vasileios Kouliaridis , Georgios Karopoulos , Georgios Kambourakis

Users install many apps on their smartphones, raising issues related to information overload for users and resource management for devices. Moreover, the recent increase in the use of personal assistants has made mobile devices even more…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Mohammad Aliannejadi , Hamed Zamani , Fabio Crestani , W. Bruce Croft

In order for agents trained by deep reinforcement learning to work alongside humans in realistic settings, we will need to ensure that the agents are \emph{robust}. Since the real world is very diverse, and human behavior often changes in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Paul Knott , Micah Carroll , Sam Devlin , Kamil Ciosek , Katja Hofmann , A. D. Dragan , Rohin Shah

Automation systems that can autonomously drive application user interfaces to complete user tasks are of great benefit, especially when users are situationally or permanently impaired. Prior automation systems do not produce generalizable…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Wei Li , Fu-Lin Hsu , Will Bishop , Folawiyo Campbell-Ajala , Max Lin , Oriana Riva

Autonomous graphical user interface (GUI) agents powered by multimodal large language models have shown great promise. However, a critical yet underexplored issue persists: over-execution, where the agent executes tasks in a fully…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Pengzhou Cheng , Zheng Wu , Zongru Wu , Aston Zhang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

There has been a growing interest in enhancing rule-based agent-based models (ABMs) for social media platforms (i.e., X, Reddit) with more realistic large language model (LLM) agents, thereby allowing for a more nuanced study of complex…

Large language models are increasingly deployed as specialized agents that plan, call tools, and take actions over extended horizons. Yet many existing evaluations assume a "clean interface" where dynamics are specified and stable, tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Workspace learning requires AI agents to identify, reason over, exploit, and update explicit and implicit dependencies among heterogeneous files in a worker's workspace, enabling them to complete both routine and advanced tasks effectively.…

User models in information retrieval rest on a foundational assumption that observed behavior reveals intent. This assumption collapses when the user is an AI agent privately configured by a human operator. For any action an agent takes, a…

Large language models (LLM) are perceived to offer promising potentials for automating security tasks, such as those found in security operation centers (SOCs). As a first step towards evaluating this perceived potential, we investigate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Kumar Shashwat , Francis Hahn , Xinming Ou , Dmitry Goldgof , Lawrence Hall , Jay Ligatti , S. Raj Rajgopalan , Armin Ziaie Tabari

Current validation methods often rely on recorded data and basic functional checks, which may not be sufficient to encompass the scenarios an autonomous vehicle might encounter. In addition, there is a growing need for complex scenarios…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Marc Kaufeld , Rainer Trauth , Johannes Betz

When a phone-use agent avoids harm, does that show safety, or simply inability to act? Existing evaluations often cannot tell. A harmful outcome may be avoided because the agent recognized the risk and chose the safe action, or because it…