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Generative recommendation is an emerging paradigm that leverages the extensive knowledge of large language models by formulating recommendations into a text-to-text generation task. However, existing studies face two key limitations in (i)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sunkyung Lee , Minjin Choi , Eunseong Choi , Hye-young Kim , Jongwuk Lee

Cross-domain recommendation (CDR) is crucial for improving recommendation accuracy and generalization, yet traditional methods are often hindered by the reliance on shared user/item IDs, which are unavailable in most real-world scenarios.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Peiyu Hu , Wayne Lu , Jia Wang

Multimodal recommendation aims to recommend user-preferred candidates based on her/his historically interacted items and associated multimodal information. Previous studies commonly employ an embed-and-retrieve paradigm: learning user and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Han Liu , Yinwei Wei , Xuemeng Song , Weili Guan , Yuan-Fang Li , Liqiang Nie

Modern commercial platforms typically offer both search and recommendation functionalities to serve diverse user needs, making joint modeling of these tasks an appealing direction. While prior work has shown that integrating search and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Teng Shi , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Yang Song , Enyun Yu

Generative recommendation has emerged as a scalable alternative to traditional retrieve-and-rank pipelines by operating in a compact token space. However, existing methods mainly rely on discrete code-level supervision, which leads to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ziqi Xue , Dingxian Wang , Yimeng Bai , Shuai Zhu , Jialei Li , Xiaoyan Zhao , Frank Yang , Andrew Rabinovich , Yang Zhang , Pablo N. Mendes

Recent studies empirically indicate that language models (LMs) encode rich world knowledge beyond mere semantics, attracting significant attention across various fields. However, in the recommendation domain, it remains uncertain whether…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Leheng Sheng , An Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yuxin Chen , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Effective recommendation is crucial for large-scale online platforms. Traditional recommendation systems primarily rely on ID tokens to uniquely identify items, which can effectively capture specific item relationships but suffer from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Guanyu Lin , Zhigang Hua , Tao Feng , Shuang Yang , Bo Long , Jiaxuan You

Semantic ID-based generative recommendation represents items as sequences of discrete tokens, but it inherently faces a trade-off between representational expressiveness and computational efficiency. Residual Quantization (RQ)-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ming Xia , Zhiqin Zhou , Guoxin Ma , Dongmin Huang

There is a growing interest in utilizing large-scale language models (LLMs) to advance next-generation Recommender Systems (RecSys), driven by their outstanding language understanding and in-context learning capabilities. In this scenario,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Haohao Qu , Wenqi Fan , Zihuai Zhao , Qing Li

Generative recommendation (GR) has become a powerful paradigm in recommendation systems that implicitly links modality and semantics to item representation, in contrast to previous methods that relied on non-semantic item identifiers in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jing Zhu , Mingxuan Ju , Yozen Liu , Danai Koutra , Neil Shah , Tong Zhao

Generative recommendation maps each item to a sequence of Semantic IDs (SIDs) and recasts retrieval as autoregressive token generation. In this paradigm the main bottleneck is the tokenizer rather than the Transformer: residual vector…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Wenzhuo Cheng , Menghang Gong , Qixin Guo , Hang Zheng , Zhaobin Yang , Jianguo Lou , Zhengwei Zheng

Generative recommendation systems, driven by large language models (LLMs), present an innovative approach to predicting user preferences by modeling items as token sequences and generating recommendations in a generative manner. A critical…

In general, recommendation can be viewed as a matching problem, i.e., match proper items for proper users. However, due to the huge semantic gap between users and items, it's almost impossible to directly match users and items in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Zhi-Hong Deng , Ling Huang , Chang-Dong Wang , Jian-Huang Lai , Philip S. Yu

Recent work has explored generative recommender systems as an alternative to traditional ID-based models, reframing item recommendation as a sequence generation task over discrete item tokens. While promising, such methods often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Simon Lepage , Jeremie Mary , David Picard

Generative retrieval for search and recommendation is a promising paradigm for retrieving items, offering an alternative to traditional methods that depend on external indexes and nearest-neighbor searches. Instead, generative models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Gustavo Penha , Ali Vardasbi , Enrico Palumbo , Marco de Nadai , Hugues Bouchard

Generative recommendation aims to learn the underlying generative process over the entire item set to produce recommendations for users. Although it leverages non-linear probabilistic models to surpass the limited modeling capacity of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yi Zhang , Yiwen Zhang , Yu Wang , Tong Chen , Hongzhi Yin

Large language model (LLM)-based recommender systems have achieved high-quality performance by bridging the discrepancy between the item space and the language space through item tokenization. However, existing item tokenization methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yu Hou , Won-Yong Shin

In this paper, we propose \textbf{UniCode}, a novel approach within the domain of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that learns a unified codebook to efficiently tokenize visual, text, and potentially other types of signals. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Sipeng Zheng , Bohan Zhou , Yicheng Feng , Ye Wang , Zongqing Lu

Semantic ID learning is a key interface in Generative Recommendation (GR) models, mapping items to discrete identifiers grounded in side information, most commonly via a pretrained text encoder. However, these text encoders are primarily…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Shutong Qiao , Wei Yuan , Tong Chen , Xiangyu Zhao , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Hongzhi Yin

Recommender systems traditionally represent items using unique identifiers (ItemIDs), but this approach struggles with large, dynamic item corpora and sparse long-tail data, limiting scalability and generalization. Semantic IDs, derived…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yi Xu , Moyu Zhang , Chenxuan Li , Zhihao Liao , Haibo Xing , Hao Deng , Jinxin Hu , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng , Jing Zhang