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Unified multimodal models have recently demonstrated strong generative capabilities, yet whether and when generation improves understanding remains unclear. Existing benchmarks lack a systematic exploration of the specific tasks where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zimo Wen , Boxiu Li , Wanbo Zhang , Junxiang Lei , Xiaoyu Chen , Yijia Fan , Qi Zhang , Yujiang Wang , Lili Qiu , Bo Li , Ziwei Liu , Caihua Shan , Yifan Yang , Yifei Shen

Unified image understanding and generation has emerged as a promising paradigm in multimodal artificial intelligence. Despite recent progress, the optimal architectural design for such unified models remains an open challenge. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Teng Li , Quanfeng Lu , Lirui Zhao , Hao Li , Xizhou Zhu , Yu Qiao , Jun Zhang , Wenqi Shao

Recent works have made notable advancements in enhancing unified models for text-to-image generation through the Chain-of-Thought (CoT). However, these reasoning methods separate the processes of understanding and generation, which limits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yuanhuiyi Lyu , Chi Kit Wong , Chenfei Liao , Lutao Jiang , Xu Zheng , Zexin Lu , Linfeng Zhang , Xuming Hu

Unified multimodal models are envisioned to bridge the gap between understanding and generation. Yet, to achieve competitive performance, state-of-the-art models adopt largely decoupled understanding and generation components. This design,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zeyu Liu , Zanlin Ni , Yang Yue , Cheng Da , Huan Yang , Di Zhang , Kun Gai , Gao Huang

Recent advances in unified multimodal models (UMM) have demonstrated remarkable progress in both understanding and generation tasks. However, whether these two capabilities are genuinely aligned and integrated within a single model remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chenlong Wang , Yuhang Chen , Zhihan Hu , Dongping Chen , Wenhu Chen , Sarah Wiegreffe , Tianyi Zhou

Current research in multimodal models faces a key challenge where enhancing generative capabilities often comes at the expense of understanding, and vice versa. We analyzed this trade-off and identify the primary cause might be the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Sen Ye , Mengde Xu , Shuyang Gu , Di He , Liwei Wang , Han Hu

The long-standing goal of multimodal AI is to build unified models in which visual understanding and visual generation mutually enhance one another. Despite recent works such as BAGEL, BLIP3o achieves remarkable progress; In practice,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yujun Tong , Dongliang Chang , Zijin Yin , Xintong Liu , Yuanchen Fang , Zhanyu Ma

The integration of visual understanding and generation into unified multimodal models represents a significant stride toward general-purpose AI. However, a fundamental question remains unanswered by existing benchmarks: does this…

Recent years have seen remarkable progress in both multimodal understanding models and image generation models. Despite their respective successes, these two domains have evolved independently, leading to distinct architectural paradigms:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Shanshan Zhao , Xinjie Zhang , Jintao Guo , Jiakui Hu , Lunhao Duan , Minghao Fu , Yong Xien Chng , Guo-Hua Wang , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang

Unified multimodal models aim to jointly enable visual understanding and generation, yet current benchmarks rarely examine their true integration. Existing evaluations either treat the two abilities in isolation or overlook tasks that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kai Zou , Ziqi Huang , Yuhao Dong , Shulin Tian , Dian Zheng , Hongbo Liu , Jingwen He , Bin Liu , Yu Qiao , Ziwei Liu

Unified models can handle both multimodal understanding and generation within a single architecture, yet they typically operate in a single pass without iteratively refining their outputs. Many multimodal tasks, especially those involving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Leon Liangyu Chen , Haoyu Ma , Zhipeng Fan , Ziqi Huang , Animesh Sinha , Xiaoliang Dai , Jialiang Wang , Zecheng He , Jianwei Yang , Chunyuan Li , Junzhe Sun , Chu Wang , Serena Yeung-Levy , Felix Juefei-Xu

Unified multimodal models share a language model backbone for both understanding and generating images. Can DPO align both capabilities simultaneously? We present the first systematic study of this question, applying DPO to Janus-Pro at 1B…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Abinav Rao , Sujan Rachuri

Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) aim to integrate visual understanding and generation within a single structure. However, these models exhibit a notable capability mismatch, where their understanding capability significantly outperforms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yibo Jiang , Tao Wu , Rui Jiang , Yehao Lu , Chaoxiang Cai , Zequn Qin , Xi Li

While Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) have achieved remarkable success in cross-modal comprehension, a significant gap persists in their ability to leverage such internal knowledge for high-quality generation. We formalize this discrepancy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ruiyan Han , Zhen Fang , XinYu Sun , Yuchen Ma , Ziheng Wang , Yu Zeng , Zehui Chen , Lin Chen , Wenxuan Huang , Wei-Jie Xu , Yi Cao , Feng Zhao

The rapid progress of large multimodal models has inspired efforts toward unified frameworks that couple understanding and generation. While such paradigms have shown remarkable success in 2D, extending them to 3D remains largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yongwei Chen , Tianyi Wei , Yushi Lan , Zhaoyang Lyu , Shangchen Zhou , Xudong Xu , Xingang Pan

Recent advances in 3D vision have led to specialized models for either 3D understanding (e.g., shape classification, segmentation, reconstruction) or 3D generation (e.g., synthesis, completion, and editing). However, these tasks are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Peng Huang , Yifeng Chen , Zeyu Zhang , Hao Tang

With the development of pre-trained language models, remarkable success has been witnessed in dialogue understanding (DU). However, current DU approaches usually employ independent models for each distinct DU task without considering shared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Zhi Chen , Lu Chen , Bei Chen , Libo Qin , Yuncong Liu , Su Zhu , Jian-Guang Lou , Kai Yu

Unifying multimodal understanding and generation has shown impressive capabilities in cutting-edge proprietary systems. However, evaluations of unified multimodal models (UMMs) remain decoupled, assessing their understanding and generation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Kai Liu , Leyang Chen , Wenbo Li , Zhikai Chen , Zhixin Wang , Renjing Pei , Linghe Kong , Yulun Zhang

Unified understanding and generation is a highly appealing research direction in multimodal learning. There exist two approaches: one trains a transformer via an auto-regressive paradigm, and the other adopts a two-stage scheme connecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shihao Zhao , Yitong Chen , Zeyinzi Jiang , Bojia Zi , Shaozhe Hao , Yu Liu , Chaojie Mao , Kwan-Yee K. Wong

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has been widely adopted to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by decomposing complex tasks into simpler, sequential subtasks. However, extending CoT to vision-language reasoning tasks remains challenging,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Luozheng Qin , Jia Gong , Yuqing Sun , Tianjiao Li , Mengping Yang , Xiaomeng Yang , Chao Qu , Zhiyu Tan , Hao Li
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