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Time-varying photonic systems open new possibilities for controlling light, enabling photonic time crystals, time reflection and refraction, frequency conversion, synthetic gauge fields, optical nonreciprocity, among others. These effects…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-27 Zeki Hayran , John B. Pendry , Prasad P. Iyer , Francesco Monticone

Reconfigurable photonic devices capable of routing the flow of light enable flexible integrated-optic circuits that are not hard-wired but can be externally controlled. Analogous to free-space spatial light modulators, we demonstrate…

We study plasmonic time crystals, an extension of dielectric-based photonic time crystals to plasmonic media. Remarkably, we demonstrate that such systems may amplify both longitudinal and transverse modes. In particular, we show that…

Time-invariant photonic structures amplify or absorb light based on their intrinsic material gain or loss. The coherent interference of multiple beams in space, e.g., in a resonator, can be exploited to tailor the wave interaction with…

Hybrid superconducting-photonic microresonators are a promising platform for realizing microwave-to-optical transduction. However, the absorption of scattered photons by the superconductors leads to unintended microwave resonance frequency…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-11-22 Yuntao Xu , Wei Fu , Yiyu Zhou , Mingrui Xu , Mohan Shen , Ayed Al Sayem , Hong X. Tang

Programmable photonic circuits are versatile platforms that route light through multiple interference paths using reconfigurable optoelectronic elements to perform complex discrete linear operations. These circuits offer the potential for…

Reconfigurability of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) has become increasingly important due to the growing demands for electronic-photonic systems on a chip driven by emerging applications, including neuromorphic computing, quantum…

The behavior of electromagnetic waves in media modulated in both time and space, extensively studied decades ago, has recently attracted renewed attention. In this work, we address a central question of this research: can light at an…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-24 M. Sumetsky

We report an optically modulated experimental realization of a photonic time crystal (PTC) in the microwave regime, demonstrating for the first time that the PTC exponential growth can overcome losses and finite-size constraints of a…

The behavior of electromagnetic waves in a medium modulated in time and space, largely investigated decades ago, has recently attracted renewed interest. Here, we solve an intriguing problem of this research: can light with an initial…

Optics · Physics 2024-08-27 M. Sumetsky

Temporal modulation unlocks possibilities to dynamically control and modify the response of electromagnetic systems. Employing explicit dependencies of circuit or surface parameters on time enables the engineering of systems with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-01 Grigorii Ptitcyn , Mohammad Sajjad Mirmoosa , Silvi Hrabar , Sergey Tretyakov

Photonic time crystals are electromagnetic media with periodically time-varying parameters, enabling momentum band gaps, parametric amplification, and frequency conversion beyond what is possible in time-invariant systems. So far, they have…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-15 Z. Li , M. S. Mirmoosa , V. Asadchy , X. Wang

Photonic time crystals (PTCs) are spatially uniform media with periodic modulation in time, enabling momentum bandgaps and the parametric amplification of light. While their potential in optical systems is very promising, practical…

The phenomena of induced transparency, with the typical examples of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic media and those based on coupled optical resonators, have attracted tremendous interest since their discoveries.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Xiao-Bo Yan , Liu Yang , Bing He

The hallmark feature of photonic time crystals (PTCs) is the momentum bandgap, yet opening such a gap is extremely challenging, as it demands strong and rapid temporal modulation of the material properties. Recent theoretical advances have…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-21 Bolun Huang , Zebin Zhu , Genrong Yu , Zhen Gao

All-optical modulation of light relies on exploiting intrinsic material nonlinearities. However, this optical control is rather challenging due to the weak dependence of the refractive index and absorption coefficients on the concentration…

Time-varying media have recently emerged as a new paradigm for wave manipulation, thanks to thesynergy between the discovery of novel, highly nonlinear materials, such as epsilon-near-zero materials, and the questfor novel wave…

Photoelastic modulators are optical devices with a broad range of applications. These devices typically utilize a transverse interaction mechanism between acoustic and optical waves, resulting in a fundamental trade-off between the input…

Optics · Physics 2024-07-09 Okan Atalar , Amin Arbabian

Optical modulation plays arguably the utmost important role in microwave photonic (MWP) systems. Precise synthesis of modulated optical spectra dictates virtually all aspects of MWP system quality including loss, noise figure, linearity,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-12 Xin Guo , Yang Liu , Tangman Yin , Blair Morrison , Mattia Pagani , Okky Daulay , Wim Bogaerts , Benjamin J. Eggleton , Alvaro Casas-Bedoya , David Marpaung

The realization of photonic time crystals is a major opportunity but also comes with significant challenges. The most pressing one, potentially, is the requirement for a substantial modulation strength in the material properties to create a…

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