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Numerical simulation of multiphase flow in porous media is essential for many geoscience applications. Machine learning models trained with numerical simulation data can provide a faster alternative to traditional simulators. Here we…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-05-06 Gege Wen , Zongyi Li , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Anima Anandkumar , Sally M. Benson

Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) have emerged as promising surrogates for partial differential equation solvers. In this work, we extensively tested FNOs on a variety of systems with non-linear and non-stationary properties, using a wide…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Rad Haghi , Bipin Gaikwad , Abani Patra

Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is a promising energy storage option for the current energy transition to a low-carbon economy. Fast modeling of hydrogen plume migration and pressure field evolution is crucial for UHS field management.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Tao Wang , Hewei Tang

Flexible intelligent metasurfaces (FIMs) offer a new solution for wireless communications by introducing morphological degrees of freedom, dynamically morphing their three-dimensional shape to ensure multipath signals interfere…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jian Xiao , Ji Wang , Qimei Cui , Yucang Yang , Xingwang Li , Dusit Niyato , Chau Yuen

Fourier Neural Operators (FNO) offer a principled approach to solving challenging partial differential equations (PDE) such as turbulent flows. At the core of FNO is a spectral layer that leverages a discretization-convergent representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Robert Joseph George , Jiawei Zhao , Jean Kossaifi , Zongyi Li , Anima Anandkumar

Modeling high-frequency information is a critical challenge in scientific machine learning. For instance, fully turbulent flow simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations at Reynolds numbers 3500 and above can generate high-frequency signals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Marimuthu Kalimuthu , David Holzmüller , Mathias Niepert

Next-generation multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, characterized by extremely large-scale arrays, holographic surfaces, three-dimensional architectures, and flexible antennas, are poised to deliver unprecedented data rates,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jian Xiao , Ji Wang , Qi Sun , Qimei Cui , Xingwang Li , Dusit Niyato , Chih-Lin I

Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) have demonstrated exceptional accuracy in mapping functional spaces by leveraging Fourier transforms to establish a connection with underlying physical principles. However, their opaque inner workings often…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-04 Marco Cayuela , Vincent Le Chenadec , Peter Schmid , Taraneh Sayadi

High-frequency features are critical in multiscale phenomena such as turbulent flows and phase transitions, since they encode essential physical information. The recently proposed Wavelet Neural Operator (WNO) utilizes wavelets'…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-24 Wei-Min Lei , Hou-Biao Li

We propose the Factorized Fourier Neural Operator (F-FNO), a learning-based approach for simulating partial differential equations (PDEs). Starting from a recently proposed Fourier representation of flow fields, the F-FNO bridges the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Alasdair Tran , Alexander Mathews , Lexing Xie , Cheng Soon Ong

We introduce DiffFNO, a novel diffusion framework for arbitrary-scale super-resolution strengthened by a Weighted Fourier Neural Operator (WFNO). Mode Rebalancing in WFNO effectively captures critical frequency components, significantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Xiaoyi Liu , Hao Tang

Microstructural evolution, particularly grain growth, plays a critical role in shaping the physical, optical, and electronic properties of materials. Traditional phase-field modeling accurately simulates these phenomena but is…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-15 Iman Peivaste , Ahmed Makradi , Salim Belouettar

This research investigates the application of Multigrid Neural Operator (MgNO), a neural operator architecture inspired by multigrid methods, in the simulation for multiphase flow within porous media. The architecture is adjusted to manage…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Xinliang Liu , Xia Yang , Chen-Song Zhang , Lian Zhang , Li Zhao

Partial Differential Equation (PDE) problems often exhibit strong local spatial structures, and effectively capturing these structures is critical for approximating their solutions. Recently, the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) has emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Chaoyu Liu , Davide Murari , Lihao Liu , Yangming Li , Chris Budd , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

We propose an extended Fourier neural operator (FNO) architecture for learning state and linear quadratic additive optimal control of systems governed by partial differential equations. Using the Ehrenpreis-Palamodov fundamental principle,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhexian Li , Ketan Savla

Fourier Neural Operators (FNO) are widely used for learning partial differential equation solution operators. However, FNO lacks architecture-aware optimizations,with its Fourier layers executing FFT, filtering, GEMM, zero padding, and iFFT…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Shixun Wu , Yujia Zhai , Huangliang Dai , Hairui Zhao , Yue Zhu , Haiyang Hu , Zizhong Chen

FNO and DeepONet are by far the most popular neural operator learning algorithms. FNO seems to enjoy an edge in popularity due to its ease of use, especially with high dimensional data. However, a lesser-acknowledged feature of DeepONet is…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-01-02 Waleed Diab , Mohammed Al-Kobaisi

Solving flow through porous media is a crucial step in the topology optimisation of cold plates, a key component in modern thermal management. Traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, while accurate, are often prohibitively…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-03-10 Jinhong Wang , Matei C. Ignuta-Ciuncanu , Ricardo F. Martinez-Botas , Teng Cao

Fourier neural operators (FNOs) are a recently introduced neural network architecture for learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs), which have been shown to perform significantly better than comparable deep…

Neural operators have emerged as powerful surrogates for dynamical systems due to their grid-invariant properties and computational efficiency. However, the Fourier-based neural operator framework inherently truncates high-frequency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Tianyue Yang , Xiao Xue
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