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Algorithmic differentiable ray tracing is a new paradigm that allows one to solve the forward problem of how light propagates through an optical system while obtaining gradients of the simulation results with respect to parameters…

Optics · Physics 2023-09-26 Bart de Koning , Alexander Heemels , Aurèle Adam , Matthias Möller

Integrated photonic neural networks (PNNs) are at the forefront of AI computing, leveraging on light's unique properties, such as large bandwidth, low latency, and potentially low power consumption. Nevertheless, the integrated optical…

Quantum technologies, such as quantum communication, sensing and imaging, need a platform which is flexible, miniaturizable and works at room temperature. Integrated photonics is a promising and fast-developing platform. This requires to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-12 Andrei-Emanuel Dragomir , Cristian George Ivan , Radu Ionicioiu

The advent of edge devices dedicated to machine learning tasks enabled the execution of AI-based applications that efficiently process and classify the data acquired by the resource-constrained devices populating the Internet of Things. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Alessandro Tundo , Marco Mobilio , Shashikant Ilager , Ivona Brandić , Ezio Bartocci , Leonardo Mariani

Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are transforming analog circuit design by automating device-level tuning and enabling system-level co-optimization. This paper integrates two approaches: (1) AI-assisted transistor sizing using…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Jinhai Hu , Wang Ling Goh , Yuan Gao

Artificial intelligence (AI) is driving transformative changes across numerous fields, revolutionizing conventional processes and creating new opportunities for innovation. The development of mechatronic systems is undergoing a similar…

Machine learning techniques, notably various deep neural network methods, are instrumental in processing extensive and intricate data sets in engineering and scientific fields. This paper shows how deep neural networks can inversely design…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-05 Ali Mohajer Hejazi , Vincent Ginis

The radiative response of any object is governed by a surface parameter known as emissivity. Tuning the emissivity of surfaces has been of great interest in many applications involving thermal radiation such as thermophotovoltaics, thermal…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-11-01 Greg Acosta , Andrew Reicks , Miguel Moreno , Alireza Borjali , Craig Zuhlke , Mohammad Ghashami

Nanophotonics has emerged as a powerful tool for manipulating light on chips. Almost all of today's devices, however, have been designed using slow and ineffective brute-force search methods, leading in many cases to limited device…

The inverse design of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) presents distinctive computational challenges, including their large memory requirements. Advancements in the two-photon polymerization (2PP) fabrication process introduce additional…

Coverage Path Planning of Thermal Interface Materials (TIM) plays a crucial role in the design of power electronics and electronic control units. Up to now, this is done manually by experts or by using optimization approaches with a high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Simon Baeuerle , Ian F. Mendonca , Kristof Van Laerhoven , Ralf Mikut , Andreas Steimer

Generative AI, specifically text-to-image models, have revolutionized interior architectural design by enabling the rapid translation of conceptual ideas into visual representations from simple text prompts. While generative AI can produce…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Richa Gupta , Alexander Htet Kyaw

Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing architecture through text-to-image synthesis, converting textual descriptions into detailed visual representations. We explore AI-assisted floor plan design, focusing on technical background,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xiaoyu Li , Jonathan Benjamin , Xin Zhang

Experiments with trapped ions and neutral atoms typically employ optical modulators in order to control the phase, frequency, and amplitude of light directed to individual atoms. These elements are expensive, bulky, consume substantial…

Advances in Generative AI tools have allowed designers to manipulate existing 3D models using text or image-based prompts, enabling creators to explore different design goals. Photochromic color-changing systems, on the other hand, allow…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Yunyi Zhu , Faraz Faruqi , Stefanie Mueller

Arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) are key optical components of various new applications in telecommunication, astrology, medical imaging, and spectroscopy. It is a very powerful integrated light dispersion technology with significant…

Optics · Physics 2023-10-10 Arthur C. van Wijk , Christopher R. Doerr , B. Imran Akca

We propose a method to use artificial neural networks to approximate light scattering by multilayer nanoparticles. We find the network needs to be trained on only a small sampling of the data in order to approximate the simulation to high…

We present an advanced scanning probe microscopy system enhanced with artificial intelligence (AI-SPM) designed for self-driving atomic-scale measurements. This system expertly identifies and manipulates atomic positions with high…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-04-18 Zhuo Diao , Keiichi Ueda , Linfeng Hou , Fengxuan Li , Hayato Yamashita , Masayuki Abe

The generalization performance of AI-generated image detection remains a critical challenge. Although most existing methods perform well in detecting images from generative models included in the training set, their accuracy drops…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Shengpeng Xiao , Yuanfang Guo , Heqi Peng , Zeming Liu , Liang Yang , Yunhong Wang

We introduce an efficient open-source python package for the inverse design of three-dimensional photonic nanostructures using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. Leveraging a flexible reverse-mode automatic differentiation…