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Adaptive optimizers like AdamW apply uniform hyperparameters across all parameter groups, ignoring heterogeneous optimization dynamics across layers and modules. We address this limitation by proposing MetaAdamW - a new optimizer that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 JiangBo Zhao , ZhaoXin Liu

We introduce MADGRAD, a novel optimization method in the family of AdaGrad adaptive gradient methods. MADGRAD shows excellent performance on deep learning optimization problems from multiple fields, including classification and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Aaron Defazio , Samy Jelassi

Normalization techniques are a boon for modern deep learning. They let weights converge more quickly with often better generalization performances. It has been argued that the normalization-induced scale invariance among the weights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Byeongho Heo , Sanghyuk Chun , Seong Joon Oh , Dongyoon Han , Sangdoo Yun , Gyuwan Kim , Youngjung Uh , Jung-Woo Ha

The insufficient generalization of adaptive moment estimation (Adam) has hindered its broader application. Recent studies have shown that flat minima in loss landscapes are highly associated with improved generalization. Inspired by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Long Jin , Han Nong , Liangming Chen , Zhenming Su

We provide a theoretical analysis of Adam under non-stationary stochastic objectives, separating two regimes: Euclidean tracking under adaptive strong monotonicity of the Adam-preconditioned mean-gradient operator, and high-probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-07 Sharan Sahu , Abir Sarkar , Cameron J. Hogan , Martin T. Wells

The Muon optimizer has recently attracted considerable attention for its strong empirical performance and use of orthogonalized updates on matrix-shaped parameters, yet its underlying mechanisms and relationship to adaptive optimizers such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Xianbiao Qi , Marco Chen , Jiaquan Ye , Yelin He , Rong Xiao

Adam is widely adopted in practical applications due to its fast convergence. However, its theoretical analysis is still far from satisfactory. Existing convergence analyses for Adam rely on the bounded smoothness assumption, referred to as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Bohan Wang , Yushun Zhang , Huishuai Zhang , Qi Meng , Ruoyu Sun , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tie-Yan Liu , Zhi-Quan Luo , Wei Chen

In the training of large language models (LLMs), updating parameters more efficiently and stably has always been an important challenge. To achieve efficient parameter updates, existing methods usually achieve performance comparable to full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Da Chang , Yu Li , Ganzhao Yuan

We introduce MVN-Grad (Momentum on Variance-Normalized Gradients), an Adam-style optimizer that improves stability and performance by combining two complementary ideas: variance-based normalization and momentum applied after normalization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Francisco Patitucci , Aryan Mokhtari

This work introduces NOVAK, a modular gradient-based optimization algorithm that integrates adaptive moment estimation, rectified learning-rate scheduling, decoupled weight regularization, multiple variants of Nesterov momentum, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Sergii Kavun

Optimization lies at the core of modern deep learning, yet existing methods often face a fundamental trade-off between adapting to problem geometry and leveraging curvature utilization. Steepest descent algorithms adapt to different…

Despite the popularity of the Adam optimizer in practice, most theoretical analyses study Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) as a proxy for Adam, and little is known about how the solutions found by Adam differ. In this paper, we show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Xinghan Li , Haodong Wen , Kaifeng Lyu

This paper studies a class of adaptive gradient based momentum algorithms that update the search directions and learning rates simultaneously using past gradients. This class, which we refer to as the "Adam-type", includes the popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Xiangyi Chen , Sijia Liu , Ruoyu Sun , Mingyi Hong

First-order optimization algorithms have been proven prominent in deep learning. In particular, algorithms such as RMSProp and Adam are extremely popular. However, recent works have pointed out the lack of ``long-term memory" in Adam-like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Haiwen Huang , Chang Wang , Bin Dong

Current state-of-the-art optimizers are adaptive gradient-based optimization methods such as Adam. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in formulating gradient-based optimizers in a probabilistic framework for better modeling the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Haotian Chen , Anna Kuzina , Babak Esmaeili , Jakub M Tomczak

We propose a new variant of the Adam optimizer called MicroAdam that specifically minimizes memory overheads, while maintaining theoretical convergence guarantees. We achieve this by compressing the gradient information before it is fed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Ionut-Vlad Modoranu , Mher Safaryan , Grigory Malinovsky , Eldar Kurtic , Thomas Robert , Peter Richtarik , Dan Alistarh

Optimal selection of optimization algorithms is crucial for training deep learning models. The Adam optimizer has gained significant attention due to its efficiency and wide applicability. However, to enhance the adaptability of optimizers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Chengxi Pan , Junshang Chen , Jingrui Ye

Heavy ball momentum is crucial in accelerating (stochastic) gradient-based optimization algorithms for machine learning. Existing heavy ball momentum is usually weighted by a uniform hyperparameter, which relies on excessive tuning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Tao Sun , Huaming Ling , Zuoqiang Shi , Dongsheng Li , Bao Wang

Adam has proven remarkable successful in training deep neural networks, but the mechanisms underlying its empirical successes and limitations remain underexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that the effectiveness of Adam stems largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Hanyang Peng , Shuang Qin , Yue Yu , Fangqing Jiang , Hui Wang , Wen Gao

First-order stochastic optimization methods are currently the most widely used class of methods for training deep neural networks. However, the choice of the optimizer has become an ad-hoc rule that can significantly affect the performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Samy Jelassi , Aaron Defazio