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This PhD thesis contains several contributions to the field of statistical causal modeling. Statistical causal models are statistical models embedded with causal assumptions that allow for the inference and reasoning about the behavior of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-05 Martin Emil Jakobsen

Without a control group, the most widespread methodologies for estimating causal effects cannot be applied. To fill this gap, we propose the Machine Learning Control Method, a new approach for causal panel analysis that estimates causal…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-10-28 Augusto Cerqua , Marco Letta , Fiammetta Menchetti

A new class of Marginal Structural Models (MSMs), History-Restricted MSMs (HRMSMs), was recently introduced for longitudinal data for the purpose of defining causal parameters which may often be better suited for public health research or…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Romain Neugebauer , Mark J. van der Laan , Marshall M. Joffe , Ira B. Tager

We develop a marginal treatment effect based method to learn about causal effects in multiple treatment models with discrete instruments. We allow selection into treatment to be governed by a general class of threshold crossing models that…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-21 Vishal Kamat , Samuel Norris , Matthew Pecenco

Suppose we have a binary treatment used to influence an outcome. Given data from an observational or controlled study, we wish to determine whether or not there exists some subset of observed covariates in which the treatment is more…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-03-22 Alexander R. Luedtke , Mark J. van der Laan

Growth curve models are popular tools for studying the development of a response variable within subjects over time. Heterogeneity between subjects is common in such models, and researchers are typically interested in explaining or…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Marjolein Fokkema , Achim Zeileis

Region-based methods have proven necessary for improving segmentation accuracy of neuronal structures in electron microscopy (EM) images. Most region-based segmentation methods use a scoring function to determine region merging. Such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Ting Liu , Miaomiao Zhang , Mehran Javanmardi , Nisha Ramesh , Tolga Tasdizen

In cluster-randomized trials (CRTs), there is emerging interest in exploring the causal mechanism in which a cluster-level treatment affects the outcome through an intermediate outcome. The majority of existing causal mediation methods are…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-12 Chao Cheng , Fan Li

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) improves the efficiency of long-horizon reinforcement-learning tasks with sparse rewards by decomposing the task into a hierarchy of subgoals. The main challenge of HRL is efficient discovery of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Sadegh Khorasani , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash , Matthias Grossglauser

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using machine learning techniques for the estimation of treatment effects. Most of the best-performing methods rely on representation learning strategies that encourage shared behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Roger Pros , Jordi Vitrià

Causal classification models are adopted across a variety of operational business processes to predict the effect of a treatment on a categorical business outcome of interest depending on the process instance characteristics. This allows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Diego Olaya , Wouter Verbeke , Jente Van Belle , Marie-Anne Guerry

Cluster or group randomized trials (CRTs) are increasingly used for both behavioral and system-level interventions, where entire clusters are randomly assigned to a study condition or intervention. Apart from the assigned cluster-level…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-19 Shubhadeep Chakraborty , Bo Wang , Ram Tiwari , Samiran Ghosh

Decision trees are a commonly used class of machine learning models valued for their interpretability and versatility, capable of both classification and regression. We propose ZTree, a novel decision tree learning framework that replaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Eric Cheng , Jie Cheng

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for comparing the effectiveness of a new treatment to the current one (the control). Most RCTs allocate the patients to the treatment group and the control group by uniform…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-22 Onur Atan , William R. Zame , Mihaela van der Schaar

Most existing causal structure learning methods assume data collected from one environment and independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). In some cases, data are collected from different subjects from multiple environments, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Wei Chen , Yunjin Wu , Ruichu Cai , Yueguo Chen , Zhifeng Hao

We present an end-to-end methodological framework for causal segment discovery that aims to uncover differential impacts of treatments across subgroups of users in large-scale digital experiments. Building on recent developments in causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-03 Nima S. Hejazi , Wenjing Zheng , Sathya Anand

Precision oncology aims to prescribe the optimal cancer treatment to the right patients, maximizing therapeutic benefits. However, identifying patient subgroups that may benefit more from experimental cancer treatments based on randomized…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-06 Xingyu Li , Qing Liu , Tony Jiang , Hong Amy Xia , Peng Wei , Brian P. Hobbs

This dissertation focuses on modern causal inference under uncertainty and data restrictions, with applications to neoadjuvant clinical trials, distributed data networks, and robust individualized decision making. In the first project, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-24 Xiaoqing Tan

A common concern when a policymaker draws causal inferences from and makes decisions based on observational data is that the measured covariates are insufficiently rich to account for all sources of confounding, i.e., the standard no…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-25 Tao Shen , Yifan Cui

Three distinct phenomena complicate statistical causal analysis: latent common causes, causal cycles, and latent selection. Foundational works on Structural Causal Models (SCMs), e.g., Bongers et al. (2021, Ann. Stat., 49(5): 2885-2915),…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-23 Leihao Chen , Onno Zoeter , Joris M. Mooij