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In a world of increasing closed-source commercial machine learning models, model evaluations from developers must be taken at face value. These benchmark results-whether over task accuracy, bias evaluations, or safety checks-are…

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought about sophisticated models capable of various tasks ranging from image recognition to natural language processing. As these models continue to grow in complexity, ensuring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Nishant Jagannath , Christopher Wong , Braden Mcgrath , Md Farhad Hossain , Asuquo A. Okon , Abbas Jamalipour , Kumudu S. Munasinghe

Machine learning providers commonly distribute global models to edge devices, which subsequently personalize these models using local data. However, issues such as copyright infringements, biases, or regulatory requirements may require the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Mohammad M Maheri , Alex Davidson , Hamed Haddadi

As ML models have increased in capabilities and accuracy, so has the complexity of their deployments. Increasingly, ML model consumers are turning to service providers to serve the ML models in the ML-as-a-service (MLaaS) paradigm. As MLaaS…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Daniel Kang , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Ion Stoica , Yi Sun

With the rise of machine learning techniques, ensuring the fairness of decisions made by machine learning algorithms has become of great importance in critical applications. However, measuring fairness often requires full access to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tianyu Zhang , Shen Dong , O. Deniz Kose , Yanning Shen , Yupeng Zhang

Machine learning models are increasingly used in societal applications, yet legal and privacy concerns demand that they very often be kept confidential. Consequently, there is a growing distrust about the fairness properties of these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Chhavi Yadav , Amrita Roy Chowdhury , Dan Boneh , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Zero-knowledge proofs have always provided a clear solution when it comes to conveying information from a prover to a verifier or vice versa without revealing essential information about the process. Advancements in zero-knowledge have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Aritra Banerjee , Michael Clear , Hitesh Tewari

Verification of the integrity of deep learning inference is crucial for understanding whether a model is being applied correctly. However, such verification typically requires access to model weights and (potentially sensitive or private)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Mohammad M Maheri , Hamed Haddadi , Alex Davidson

Zero-knowledge proofs (zk-Proofs) are communication protocols by which a prover can demonstrate to a verifier that it possesses a solution to a given public problem without revealing the content of the solution. Arbitrary computations can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Armando Cruz

Machine learning is increasingly deployed through outsourced and cloud-based pipelines, which improve accessibility but also raise concerns about computational integrity, data privacy, and model confidentiality. Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhizhi Peng , Chonghe Zhao , Taotao Wang , Guofu Liao , Zibin Lin , Yifeng Liu , Bin Cao , Long Shi , Qing Yang , Shengli Zhang

Over the past few years, AI methods of generating images have been increasing in capabilities, with recent breakthroughs enabling high-resolution, photorealistic "deepfakes" (artificially generated images with the purpose of misinformation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Daniel Kang , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Ion Stoica , Yi Sun

As image generation models grow increasingly powerful and accessible, concerns around authenticity, ownership, and misuse of synthetic media have become critical. The ability to generate lifelike images indistinguishable from real ones…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Aadarsh Anantha Ramakrishnan , Shubham Agarwal , Selvanayagam S , Kunwar Singh

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) enable computational integrity and privacy by allowing one party to prove the truth of a statement without revealing underlying data. Compared with alternatives such as homomorphic encryption and secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ryan Lavin , Xuekai Liu , Hardhik Mohanty , Logan Norman , Giovanni Zaarour , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

The rapid advancement of ML models in critical sectors such as healthcare, finance, and security has intensified the need for robust data security, model integrity, and reliable outputs. Large multimodal foundational models, while crucial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Hongyang Zhang , Yue Zhao , Claudio Angione , Harry Yang , James Buban , Ahmad Farhan , Fielding Johnston , Patrick Colangelo

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, particularly those based on machine learning (ML), become integral to high-stakes applications, their probabilistic and opaque nature poses significant challenges to traditional verification and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Filippo Scaramuzza , Giovanni Quattrocchi , Damian A. Tamburri

When users query proprietary LLM APIs, they receive outputs with no cryptographic assurance that the claimed model was actually used. Service providers could substitute cheaper models, apply aggressive quantization, or return cached…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zhaohui Geoffrey Wang

Zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge (zk-SNARKs) are a powerful tool for proving computation correctness, attracting significant interest from researchers, developers, and users. However, the complexity of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Junkai Liang , Daqi Hu , Pengfei Wu , Yunbo Yang , Qingni Shen , Zhonghai Wu

The recent advancements in deep learning have brought about significant changes in various aspects of people's lives. Meanwhile, these rapid developments have raised concerns about the legitimacy of the training process of deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Haochen Sun , Tonghe Bai , Jason Li , Hongyang Zhang

As the demand for exercising the "right to be forgotten" grows, the need for verifiable machine unlearning has become increasingly evident to ensure both transparency and accountability. We present {\em zkUnlearner}, the first…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Nan Wang , Nan Wu , Xiangyu Hui , Jiafan Wang , Xin Yuan

Split learning is an approach to collaborative learning in which a deep neural network is divided into two parts: client-side and server-side at a cut layer. The client side executes its model using its raw input data and sends the…

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