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We present TimeFound, an encoder-decoder transformer-based time series foundation model for out-of-the-box zero-shot forecasting. To handle time series data from various domains, TimeFound employs a multi-resolution patching strategy to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Congxi Xiao , Jingbo Zhou , Yixiong Xiao , Xinjiang Lu , Le Zhang , Hui Xiong

Motivated by recent advances in large language models for Natural Language Processing (NLP), we design a time-series foundation model for forecasting whose out-of-the-box zero-shot performance on a variety of public datasets comes close to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Abhimanyu Das , Weihao Kong , Rajat Sen , Yichen Zhou

Human experts typically integrate numerical and textual multimodal information to analyze time series. However, most traditional deep learning predictors rely solely on unimodal numerical data, using a fixed-length window for training and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Chengsen Wang , Qi Qi , Jingyu Wang , Haifeng Sun , Zirui Zhuang , Jinming Wu , Lei Zhang , Jianxin Liao

The zero-shot evaluation of time series foundation models (TSFMs) for classification typically uses a frozen encoder followed by a task-specific classifier. However, this practice violates the training-free premise of zero-shot deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Juntao Fang , Shifeng Xie , Shengbin Nie , Yuhui Ling , Yuming Liu , Zijian Li , Keli Zhang , Lujia Pan , Themis Palpanas , Ruichu Cai

In this paper, we introduce TimeGPT, the first foundation model for time series, capable of generating accurate predictions for diverse datasets not seen during training. We evaluate our pre-trained model against established statistical,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Azul Garza , Cristian Challu , Max Mergenthaler-Canseco

Time series foundation models excel in zero-shot forecasting, handling diverse tasks without explicit training. However, the advancement of these models has been hindered by the lack of comprehensive benchmarks. To address this gap, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Taha Aksu , Gerald Woo , Juncheng Liu , Xu Liu , Chenghao Liu , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Doyen Sahoo

Time Series Forecasting (TSF) is key functionality in numerous fields, such as financial investment, weather services, and energy management. Although increasingly capable TSF methods occur, many of them require domain-specific data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zhe Li , Xiangfei Qiu , Peng Chen , Yihang Wang , Hanyin Cheng , Yang Shu , Jilin Hu , Chenjuan Guo , Aoying Zhou , Christian S. Jensen , Bin Yang

This study investigates zero-shot forecasting capabilities of Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) for macroeconomic indicators. We apply TSFMs to forecasting economic indicators under univariate conditions, bypassing the need for train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jittarin Jetwiriyanon , Teo Susnjak , Surangika Ranathunga

The zero-shot capabilities of foundation models (FMs) for time series forecasting offer promising potentials in conformal prediction, as most of the available data can be allocated to calibration. This study compares the performance of Time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Sami Achour , Yassine Bouher , Duong Nguyen , Nicolas Chesneau

Pretrained time series models, capable of zero-shot forecasting, have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing both the performance and accessibility of time series forecasting. However, existing pretrained models either do not…

Time series foundation models (FMs) have emerged as a popular paradigm for zero-shot multi-domain forecasting. FMs are trained on numerous diverse datasets and claim to be effective forecasters across multiple different time series domains,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 William Toner , Thomas L. Lee , Artjom Joosen , Rajkarn Singh , Martin Asenov

With the growing availability of multi-domain time series data, there is an increasing demand for general forecasting models pre-trained on multi-source datasets to support diverse downstream prediction scenarios. Existing time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yihang Wang , Yuying Qiu , Peng Chen , Kai Zhao , Yang Shu , Zhongwen Rao , Lujia Pan , Bin Yang , Chenjuan Guo

Time-series forecasting is a challenging problem that traditionally requires specialized models custom-trained for the specific task at hand. Recently, inspired by the success of large language models, foundation models pre-trained on vast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yuanzhao Zhang , William Gilpin

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) are revolutionizing the forecasting landscape from specific dataset modeling to generalizable task evaluation. However, we contend that existing benchmarks exhibit common limitations in four dimensions:…

Learning time series foundation models has been shown to be a promising approach for zero-shot time series forecasting across diverse time series domains. Insofar as scaling has been a critical driver of performance of foundation models in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Xinghong Fu , Yanhong Li , Georgios Papaioannou , Yoon Kim

Deep learning for time series forecasting has traditionally operated within a one-model-per-dataset framework, limiting its potential to leverage the game-changing impact of large pre-trained models. The concept of universal forecasting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Gerald Woo , Chenghao Liu , Akshat Kumar , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Doyen Sahoo

Foundation Models are designed to serve as versatile embedding machines, with strong zero shot capabilities and superior generalization performance when fine-tuned on diverse downstream tasks. While this is largely true for language and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Nouha Karaouli , Denis Coquenet , Elisa Fromont , Martial Mermillod , Marina Reyboz

Financial time series forecasting is central to trading, portfolio optimization, and risk management, yet it remains challenging due to noisy, non-stationary, and heterogeneous data. Recent advances in time series foundation models (TSFMs),…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-25 Eghbal Rahimikia , Hao Ni , Weiguan Wang

Time series foundation models (FMs) have emerged as a popular paradigm for zero-shot multi-domain forecasting. These models are trained on numerous diverse datasets and claim to be effective forecasters across multiple different time series…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-19 Anubha Goel , Puneet Pasricha , Martin Magris , Juho Kanniainen

Process Model Forecasting (PMF) aims to predict how the control-flow structure of a process evolves over time by modeling the temporal dynamics of directly-follows (DF) relations, complementing predictive process monitoring that focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yongbo Yu , Jari Peeperkorn , Johannes De Smedt , Jochen De Weerdt
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