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By simply composing prompts, developers can prototype novel generative applications with Large Language Models (LLMs). To refine prototypes into products, however, developers must iteratively revise prompts by evaluating outputs to diagnose…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Tae Soo Kim , Yoonjoo Lee , Jamin Shin , Young-Ho Kim , Juho Kim

This paper presents a groundbreaking self-improving interference management framework tailored for wireless communications, integrating deep learning with uncertainty quantification to enhance overall system performance. Our approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Hyun-Suk Lee , Do-Yup Kim , Kyungsik Min

To help evaluate and understand the latent capabilities of language models, this paper introduces an approach using optimized input embeddings, or 'soft prompts,' as a metric of conditional distance between a model and a target behavior.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Ross Nordby

Prompt-based fine-tuning has become an essential method for eliciting information encoded in pre-trained language models for a variety of tasks, including text classification. For multi-class classification tasks, prompt-based fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhiwen You , Kanyao Han , Haotian Zhu , Bertram Ludäscher , Jana Diesner

Image Quality Assessment (IQA) models benefit significantly from semantic information, which allows them to treat different types of objects distinctly. Currently, leveraging semantic information to enhance IQA is a crucial research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Wensheng Pan , Timin Gao , Yan Zhang , Runze Hu , Xiawu Zheng , Enwei Zhang , Yuting Gao , Yutao Liu , Yunhang Shen , Ke Li , Shengchuan Zhang , Liujuan Cao , Rongrong Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in open-ended text generation tasks. However, the inherent open-ended nature of these tasks implies that there is always room for improvement in the quality of model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Ziqi Wang , Le Hou , Tianjian Lu , Yuexin Wu , Yunxuan Li , Hongkun Yu , Heng Ji

The effectiveness of Multimodal Chain-of-Thought (MCoT) prompting is often limited by the use of randomly or manually selected examples. These examples fail to account for both model-specific knowledge distributions and the intrinsic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xinglong Yang , Quan Feng , Zhongying Pan , Xiang Chen , Yu Tian , Wentong Li , Shuofei Qiao , Yuxia Geng , Xingyu Zhao , Sheng-Jun Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) can perform various natural language processing tasks with suitable instruction prompts. However, designing effective prompts manually is challenging and time-consuming. Existing methods for automatic prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Viet-Tung Do , Van-Khanh Hoang , Duy-Hung Nguyen , Shahab Sabahi , Jeff Yang , Hajime Hotta , Minh-Tien Nguyen , Hung Le

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in automated prompt optimization based on reinforcement learning (RL). This approach offers important advantages, such as generating interpretable prompts and being compatible with black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Dong-Ki Kim , Sungryull Sohn , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Dongsub Shim , Honglak Lee

While large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and PaLM have demonstrated remarkable performance in various language understanding and generation tasks, their capabilities in complex reasoning and intricate knowledge utilization still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Haodi Zhang , Min Cai , Xinhe Zhang , Chen Jason Zhang , Rui Mao , Kaishun Wu

Most works on modeling the conversation history in Conversational Question Answering (CQA) report a single main result on a common CQA benchmark. While existing models show impressive results on CQA leaderboards, it remains unclear whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Zorik Gekhman , Nadav Oved , Orgad Keller , Idan Szpektor , Roi Reichart

This paper introduces an explanation framework designed to enhance the quality of rules in knowledge-based reasoning systems based on dataset-driven insights. The traditional method for rule induction from data typically requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Oshani Seneviratne , Brendan Capuzzo , William Van Woensel

Text summarization has a wide range of applications in many scenarios. The evaluation of the quality of the generated text is a complex problem. A big challenge to language evaluation is that there is a clear divergence between existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Ning Wu , Ming Gong , Linjun Shou , Shining Liang , Daxin Jiang

Automatic prompt optimization (APO) has driven significant gains in LLM-based agentic workflows. However, existing methods treat each task's prompt as a monolithic, instance-blind string optimized through global edits, producing brittle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jyotirmoy Nath , Neeraj Kumar , Brejesh Lall

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in enterprise workflows, yet their performance remains highly sensitive to prompt design. Automatic Prompt Optimization (APO) seeks to mitigate this instability, but existing approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wei Chen , Yanbin Fang , Shuran Fu , Fasheng Xu , Xuan Wei

LLMs are highly sensitive to prompt phrasing, yet standard benchmarks typically report performance using a single prompt, raising concerns about the reliability of such evaluations. In this work, we argue for a stochastic method of moments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Gili Lior , Eliya Habba , Shahar Levy , Avi Caciularu , Gabriel Stanovsky

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in reasoning tasks. A key approach is tree-based search with verifiers, which expand candidate reasoning paths and use reward models to guide pruning and selection. Although…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yingqian Cui , Zhenwei Dai , Pengfei He , Bing He , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Jingying Zeng , Suhang Wang , Yue Xing , Jiliang Tang , Benoit Dumoulin

Deploying large language model (LLM)-driven conversational agents in enterprise settings requires prompts that are simultaneously correct at launch and resilient to the non-deterministic behavioral drift that characterizes production LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Keshava Chaitanya , Jahnavi Gundakaram

Soft prompt tuning achieves superior performances across a wide range of few-shot tasks. However, the performances of prompt tuning can be highly sensitive to the initialization of the prompts. We also empirically observe that conventional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Junda Wu , Tong Yu , Rui Wang , Zhao Song , Ruiyi Zhang , Handong Zhao , Chaochao Lu , Shuai Li , Ricardo Henao

Existing class-agnostic counting models typically rely on a single type of prompt, e.g., box annotations. This paper aims to establish a comprehensive prompt-based counting framework capable of generating density maps for concerned objects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Wei Lin , Antoni B. Chan