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Large language models (LLMs) are widely used for open-ended tasks, but underspecified prompts can lead to low-quality answers and additional interaction. This paper studies whether structured prompt design improves response quality while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Saurav Ghosh , Gabriella Polach , Abdou Sow

This study addresses the issues of semantic entanglement, unclear label structure, and insufficient feature representation in few-shot text classification, and proposes an optimization framework based on structured prompts to enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jiasen Zheng , Zijun Zhou , Huajun Zhang , Junjiang Lin , Jingyun Jia , Qi Wang

System prompts provide a lightweight yet powerful mechanism for conditioning large language models (LLMs) at inference time. While prior work has focused on English-only settings, real-world deployments benefit from having a single prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Lechen Zhang , Yusheng Zhou , Tolga Ergen , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , David Jurgens

The notable gap between user-provided and model-preferred prompts poses a significant challenge for generating high-quality images with text-to-image models, compelling the need for prompt engineering. Current studies on prompt engineering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shiyu Wu , Mingzhen Sun , Weining Wang , Yequan Wang , Jing Liu

Public Code Review (PCR) can be implemented through a Software Question Answering (SQA) community, which facilitates high knowledge dissemination. Current methods mainly focus on the reviewer's perspective, including finding a capable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Xinyu Chen , Lin Li , Rui Zhang , Peng Liang

Automatic prompt generation plays a crucial role in enabling general-purpose multi-agent systems to perform diverse tasks autonomously. Existing methods typically evaluate prompts based on their immediate task performance, overlooking the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ke Chen , Yufei Zhou , Xitong Zhang , Haohan Wang

Argumentative essays serve as a vital medium for assessing critical thinking and reasoning skills, yet there is limited works on accurately understanding and evaluating such texts via prompt. In this work, we propose TIDE, a novel framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zheqin Yin , Yupei Ren , Yadong Zhang , Yujiang Lu , Man Lan

Well-designed prompts can guide text-to-image models to generate amazing images. However, the performant prompts are often model-specific and misaligned with user input. Instead of laborious human engineering, we propose prompt adaptation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Yaru Hao , Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Furu Wei

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform best with well-crafted prompts, yet prompt engineering remains manual, inconsistent, and inaccessible to non-experts. We introduce Promptomatix, an automatic prompt optimization framework that transforms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rithesh Murthy , Ming Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Jielin Qiu , Juntao Tan , Shelby Heinecke , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Huan Wang

We propose a diffusion-based framework for prompt optimization that leverages Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) to iteratively refine system prompts through masked denoising. By conditioning on interaction traces, including user queries,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Shiyu Wang , Haolin Chen , Liangwei Yang , Jielin Qiu , Rithesh Murthy , Ming Zhu , Zixiang Chen , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Shelby Heinecke , Huan Wang

Previous works in prompt engineering for large language models have introduced different gradient-free probability-based prompt selection methods that aim to choose the optimal prompt among the candidates for a given task but have failed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Sohee Yang , Jonghyeon Kim , Joel Jang , Seonghyeon Ye , Hyunji Lee , Minjoon Seo

This work proposes a framework for multistage adjustable robust optimization that unifies the treatment of three different types of endogenous uncertainty, where decisions, respectively, (i) alter the uncertainty set, (ii) affect the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-31 Qi Zhang , Wei Feng

Continuous prompts, or "soft prompts", are a widely-adopted parameter-efficient tuning strategy for large language models, but are often less favorable due to their opaque nature. Prior attempts to interpret continuous prompts relied on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Dana Ramati , Daniela Gottesman , Mor Geva

Prompt tuning, a parameter- and data-efficient transfer learning paradigm that tunes only a small number of parameters in a model's input space, has become a trend in the vision community since the emergence of large vision-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yuhang Zang , Wei Li , Kaiyang Zhou , Chen Huang , Chen Change Loy

LLMs have gained immense popularity among researchers and the general public for its impressive capabilities on a variety of tasks. Notably, the efficacy of LLMs remains significantly dependent on the quality and structure of the input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Wenliang Zheng , Sarkar Snigdha Sarathi Das , Yusen Zhang , Rui Zhang

Automatic prompt optimization frameworks are developed to obtain suitable prompts for large language models (LLMs) with respect to desired output quality metrics. Although existing approaches can handle conventional tasks such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Chun-Pai Yang , Kan Zheng , Shou-De Lin

As language models (LMs) are increasingly adopted across domains, high-quality benchmarking frameworks are essential for guiding deployment decisions. In practice, however, frameworks such as Holistic Evaluation of Language Models (HELM)…

Reward models are central to aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Yet most approaches rely on pointwise reward estimates that overlook the epistemic uncertainty in reward models arising from limited human feedback.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Daniel Yang , Samuel Stante , Florian Redhardt , Lena Libon , Parnian Kassraie , Ido Hakimi , Barna Pásztor , Andreas Krause

Continual learning empowers models to adapt autonomously to the ever-changing environment or data streams without forgetting old knowledge. Prompt-based approaches are built on frozen pre-trained models to learn the task-specific prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Zhanxin Gao , Jun Cen , Xiaobin Chang

Recent work has shown how to prompt large language models with explanations to obtain strong performance on textual reasoning tasks, i.e., the chain-of-thought paradigm. However, subtly different explanations can yield widely varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Xi Ye , Greg Durrett