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The emergence of large multimodal models has unlocked remarkable potential in AI, particularly in pathology. However, the lack of specialized, high-quality benchmark impeded their development and precise evaluation. To address this, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Yuxuan Sun , Hao Wu , Chenglu Zhu , Sunyi Zheng , Qizi Chen , Kai Zhang , Yunlong Zhang , Dan Wan , Xiaoxiao Lan , Mengyue Zheng , Jingxiong Li , Xinheng Lyu , Tao Lin , Lin Yang

The automation of workflows in advanced microscopy is a key goal where foundation models like Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show great potential. However, adapting these general-purpose models for specialized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Robinson Umeike , Neil Getty , Yin Xiangyu , Yi Jiang

AI-based biomarkers can infer molecular features directly from hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) slides, yet most pathology foundation models (PFMs) rely on global patch-level embeddings and overlook cell-level morphology. We present a PFM model,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Jingsong Liu , Han Li , Nassir Navab , Peter J. Schüffler

Recent rapid progress in the field of computational pathology has been enabled by foundation models. These models are beginning to move beyond encoding image patches towards whole-slide understanding but their clinical utility remains…

Foundation models trained with self-supervised learning (SSL) on large-scale histological images have significantly accelerated the development of computational pathology. These models can serve as backbones for region-of-interest (ROI)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jiawen Li , Jiali Hu , Xitong Ling , Yongqiang Lv , Yuxuan Chen , Yizhi Wang , Tian Guan , Yifei Liu , Yonghong He

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) achieve strong performance on diverse histopathology tasks, but their sensitivity to hospital-specific domain shifts remains underexplored. We systematically evaluate state-of-the-art PFMs on TCGA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Mengliang Zhang

Histopathology remains the gold standard for cancer diagnosis because it provides detailed cellular-level assessment of tissue morphology. However, manual histopathological examination is time-consuming, labour-intensive, and subject to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ravi Mosalpuri , Mohammed Abdelsamea , Ahmed Karam Eldaly

Deep learning based automated pathological diagnosis has markedly improved diagnostic efficiency and reduced variability between observers, yet its clinical adoption remains limited by opaque model decisions and a lack of traceable…

Computational pathology is part of precision oncology medicine. The integration of high-throughput data including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, pathomics, and radiomics into clinical practice improves cancer treatment…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-07 Liangrui Pan , Zhichao Feng , Shaoliang Peng

Vision foundation models trained on discretely sampled images achieve strong performance on classification benchmarks, yet whether their representations encode the continuous processes underlying their training data remains unclear. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Pritika Vig , Ren-Chin Wu , William Lotter

Timely and accurate lymphoma diagnosis is essential for guiding cancer treatment. Standard diagnostic practice combines hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained whole slide images with immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular genetic…

Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer, with an increasing incidence rate worldwide. Analyzing histological images of melanoma by localizing and classifying tissues and cell nuclei is considered the gold standard method for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Nima Torbati , Anastasia Meshcheryakova , Ramona Woitek , Sepideh Hatamikia , Diana Mechtcheriakova , Amirreza Mahbod

In recent years, a standard computational pathology workflow has emerged where whole slide images are cropped into tiles, these tiles are processed using a foundation model, and task-specific models are built using the resulting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Eric Zimmermann , Julian Viret , Michal Zelechowski , James Brian Hall , Neil Tenenholtz , Adam Casson , George Shaikovski , Eugene Vorontsov , Siqi Liu , Kristen A Severson

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have demonstrated strong representational capabilities through self-supervised pre-training on large-scale, unannotated histopathology image datasets. However, their diverse yet opaque pretraining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yuxiang Xiao , Yang Hu , Bin Li , Tianyang Zhang , Zexi Li , Huazhu Fu , Jens Rittscher , Kaixiang Yang

Histopathology image segmentation is the gold standard for diagnosing cancer, and can indicate cancer prognosis. However, histopathology image segmentation requires high-quality masks, so many studies now use imagelevel labels to achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Liangrui Pan , Lian Wang , Zhichao Feng , Liwen Xu , Shaoliang Peng

Foundation models are trained on massive amounts of data to distinguish complex patterns and can be adapted to a wide range of downstream tasks with minimal computational resources. Here, we develop a foundation model for prostate cancer…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-25 Joona Pohjonen , Abderrahim-Oussama Batouche , Antti Rannikko , Kevin Sandeman , Andrew Erickson , Esa Pitkanen , Tuomas Mirtti

The rapid growth of dermatological imaging and mobile diagnostic tools calls for systems that not only demonstrate empirical performance but also provide strong theoretical guarantees. Deep learning models have shown high predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Rohit Kaushik , Eva Kaushik

Early diagnosis of the cancer cells is necessary for making an effective treatment plan and for the health and safety of a patient. Nowadays, doctors usually use a histological grade that pathologists determine by performing a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Varan Singh Rohila , Neeraj Lalwani , Lochan Basyal

Skin cancer is a global health concern, necessitating early and accurate diagnosis for improved patient outcomes. This study introduces a groundbreaking approach to skin cancer classification, employing the Vision Transformer, a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-11 Galib Muhammad Shahriar Himel , Md. Masudul Islam , Kh Abdullah Al-Aff , Shams Ibne Karim , Md. Kabir Uddin Sikder

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have become central to computational pathology, aiming to offer general encoders for feature extraction from whole-slide images (WSIs). Despite strong benchmark performance, PFM robustness to real-world…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-08 Erik Thiringer , Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Kajsa Ledesma Eriksson , Mattias Rantalainen