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Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across diverse tasks, largely driven by high-quality web data used in pre-training. However, recent studies indicate this data source is rapidly depleting. Synthetic data emerges as a…

Due to the extraordinarily large number of parameters, fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) to update long-tail or out-of-date knowledge is impractical in lots of applications. To avoid fine-tuning, we can alternatively treat a LLM as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yuren Mao , Xuemei Dong , Wenyi Xu , Yunjun Gao , Bin Wei , Ying Zhang

Recent years have seen rapid increase in the application of machine learning to insurance loss reserving. They yield most value when applied to large data sets, such as individual claims, or large claim triangles. In short, they are likely…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-08-27 Benjamin Avanzi , Gregory Clive Taylor , Melantha Wang , Bernard Wong

Evaluating the factuality of long-form generations from Large Language Models (LLMs) remains challenging due to efficiency bottlenecks and reliability concerns. Prior efforts attempt this by decomposing text into claims, searching for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Yingjia Wan , Haochen Tan , Xiao Zhu , Xinyu Zhou , Zhiwei Li , Qingsong Lv , Changxuan Sun , Jiaqi Zeng , Yi Xu , Jianqiao Lu , Yinhong Liu , Zhijiang Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized intelligent services by enabling logical reasoning, tool use, and interaction with external systems as agents. The advancement of LLMs is frequently hindered by the scarcity of high-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Panlong Wu , Kangshuo Li , Junbao Nan , Fangxin Wang

With promising empirical performance across a wide range of applications, synthetic data augmentation appears a viable solution to data scarcity and the demands of increasingly data-intensive models. Its effectiveness lies in expanding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zixuan Wu , So Won Jeong , Yating Liu , Yeo Jin Jung , Claire Donnat

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable effectiveness across various domains, with data augmentation methods utilizing GPT for synthetic data generation becoming prevalent. However, the quality and utility of augmented data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Zeao Tu , Xiangdi Meng , Yu He , Zihan Yao , Tianyu Qi , Jun Liu , Ming Li

Mathematical reasoning is an important capability of large language models~(LLMs) for real-world applications. To enhance this capability, existing work either collects large-scale math-related texts for pre-training, or relies on stronger…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Kun Zhou , Beichen Zhang , Jiapeng Wang , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Sha , Zhichao Sheng , Shijin Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Financial statement auditing is essential for stakeholders to understand a company's financial health, yet current manual processes are inefficient and error-prone. Even with extensive verification procedures, auditors frequently miss…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Rushi Wang , Jiateng Liu , Weijie Zhao , Shenglan Li , Denghui Zhang

The generation of data is a common approach to improve the performance of machine learning tasks, among which is the training of models for classification. In this paper, we present TAGAL, a collection of methods able to generate synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Benoît Ronval , Pierre Dupont , Siegfried Nijssen

Autoformalization is one of the central tasks in formal verification, while its advancement remains hindered due to the data scarcity and the absence efficient methods. In this work we propose \textbf{FormaRL}, a simple yet efficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yanxing Huang , Xinling Jin , Sijie Liang , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Active Learning (AL) is a well-known standard method for efficiently obtaining annotated data by first labeling the samples that contain the most information based on a query strategy. In the past, a large variety of such query strategies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Julius Gonsior , Maik Thiele , Wolfgang Lehner

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the fact-checking studies. However, existing automated fact-checking evaluation methods rely on static datasets and classification metrics, which fail to automatically evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hongzhan Lin , Yang Deng , Yuxuan Gu , Wenxuan Zhang , Jing Ma , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Assessing the factual consistency of automatically generated texts in relation to source context is crucial for developing reliable natural language generation applications. Recent literature proposes AlignScore which uses a unified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Tong Wang , Ninad Kulkarni , Yanjun Qi

The emergence of generative pre-trained models has facilitated the synthesis of high-quality text, but it has also posed challenges in identifying factual errors in the generated text. In particular: (1) A wider range of tasks now face an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 I-Chun Chern , Steffi Chern , Shiqi Chen , Weizhe Yuan , Kehua Feng , Chunting Zhou , Junxian He , Graham Neubig , Pengfei Liu

The RISC Algorithm Language (RISCAL) is a language for the formal modeling of theories and algorithms. A RISCAL specification describes an infinite class of models each of which has finite size; this allows to fully automatically check in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Wolfgang Schreiner

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise for financial applications, yet their suitability for this high-stakes domain remains largely unproven due to inadequacies in existing benchmarks. Existing benchmarks solely rely on…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ziyan Kuang , Feiyu Zhu , Maowei Jiang , Yanzhao Lai , Zelin Wang , Zhitong Wang , Meikang Qiu , Jiajia Huang , Min Peng , Qianqian Xie , Sophia Ananiadou

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive results across a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet they can often produce factually incorrect outputs. This paper introduces a simple but effective low-latency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Changmao Li , Jeffrey Flanigan

With the increasing deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the finance domain, LLMs are increasingly expected to parse complex regulatory disclosures. However, existing benchmarks often focus on isolated details, failing to reflect…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yidong Jiang , Junrong Chen , Eftychia Makri , Jialin Chen , Peiwen Li , Ali Maatouk , Leandros Tassiulas , Eliot Brenner , Bing Xiang , Rex Ying

E-commerce platforms and payment solution providers face increasingly sophisticated fraud schemes, ranging from identity theft and account takeovers to complex money laundering operations that exploit the speed and anonymity of digital…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Cooper Lin , Yanting Zhang , Maohao Ran , Wei Xue , Hongwei Fan , Yibo Xu , Zhenglin Wan , Sirui Han , Yike Guo , Jun Song