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We establish a supercongruence conjectured by Almkvist and Zudilin, by proving a corresponding $q$-supercongruence. Similar $q$-supercongruences are established for binomial coefficients and the Ap\'{e}ry numbers, by means of a general…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-03 Ofir Gorodetsky

We study the problem of learning Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) and ask: which structural properties govern their sample complexity? Prior work has largely tied this complexity to the minimum pairwise separation between components, but we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Farzad Aryan

A Gaussian process (GP)-based methodology is proposed to emulate complex dynamical computer models (or simulators). The method relies on emulating the numerical flow map of the system over an initial (short) time step, where the flow map is…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-26 Hossein Mohammadi , Peter Challenor , Marc Goodfellow

In this paper we present several finite families of congruences between cusp forms and Eisenstein series of higher weights at powers of prime ideals. We formulate a conjecture which describes properties of the prime ideals and their…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-07-16 Bartosz Naskręcki

The Einstein theory of general relativity provides a peculiar example of classical field theory ruled by non-linear partial differential equations. A number of supplementary conditions (more frequently called gauge conditions) have also…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-23 Giampiero Esposito , Cosimo Stornaiolo

We investigate a recursively generated sequence of random variables that begins with an Exponential random variable with parameter (i.e., inverse-mean) 1, and continues with additional Exponentials, each of whose random parameter possesses…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-03-30 Michael R. Powers

We argue that extra dimensions with a properly chosen compactification scheme could be a natural source for emergent gauge symmetries. Actually, some proposed vector field potential terms or polynomial vector field constraints introduced in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-12-21 J. L. Chkareuli , Z. Kepuladze

Fourier feature approximations have been successfully applied in the literature for scalable Gaussian Process (GP) regression. In particular, Quadrature Fourier Features (QFF) derived from Gaussian quadrature rules have gained popularity in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-24 Kevin Li , Max Balakirsky , Simon Mak

When $k$ is a constant at least $3$, a sequence $S$ of positive integers is called $k$-GP-free if it contains no nontrivial $k$-term geometric progressions. Beiglb\"ok, Bergelson, Hindman and Strauss first studied the existence of a $…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-25 Xiaoyu He

Based on a recent development in the area of error control coding, we introduce the notion of convolutional factor graphs (CFGs) as a new class of probabilistic graphical models. In this context, the conventional factor graphs are referred…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-19 Yongyi Mao , Frank Kschischang , Brendan J. Frey

In Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), the Standard Model (SM) gauge couplings need not be unified at the GUT scale due to the high-dimensional operators. Considering gravity mediated supersymmetry breaking, we study for the first time the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-20 Tianjun Li , Dimitri V. Nanopoulos

This paper introduces Tensor Gauge Flow Models, a new class of Generative Flow Models that generalize Gauge Flow Models and Higher Gauge Flow Models by incorporating higher-order Tensor Gauge Fields into the Flow Equation. This extension…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Alexander Strunk , Roland Assam

Summation formulas, such as the Euler-Maclaurin expansion or Gregory's quadrature, have found many applications in mathematics, ranging from accelerating series, to evaluating fractional sums and analyzing asymptotics, among others. We show…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-15 Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin

Gaussian Processes (GPs) provide powerful probabilistic frameworks for interpolation, forecasting, and smoothing, but have been hampered by computational scaling issues. Here we investigate data sampled on one dimension (e.g., a scalar or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-04 Jackson Loper , David Blei , John P. Cunningham , Liam Paninski

We use the periodicity properties of generalized Gauss sums to factor numbers. Moreover, we derive rules for finding the factors and illustrate this factorization scheme for various examples. This algorithm relies solely on interference and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-25 S. Wölk , W. Merkel , W. P. Schleich , I. Sh. Averbukh , B. Girard

We study the accuracy of the expected Euler characteristic approximation to the distribution of the maximum of a smooth, centered, unit variance Gaussian process f. Using a point process representation of the error, valid for arbitrary…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jonathan Taylor , Akimichi Takemura , Robert J. Adler

The proliferation of capable and efficient machine learning (ML) models marks one of the strongest methodological shifts in signal processing (SP) in its nearly 100-year history. ML models support the development of SP systems that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-01 Daniel Waxman , Fernando Llorente , Petar M. Djurić

The topology and geometry of random fields - in terms of the Euler characteristic and the Minkowski functionals - has received a lot of attention in the context of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), as the detection of primordial…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-02 Job Feldbrugge , Matti van Engelen , Rien van de Weygaert , Pratyush Pranav , Gert Vegter

Computer experiments involving both qualitative and quantitative (QQ) factors have attracted increasing attention. Gaussian process (GP) models have proven effective in this context by choosing specialized covariance functions for QQ…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-19 Linsui Deng , C. F. Jeff Wu

Gaussian process (GP) priors are non-parametric generative models with appealing modelling properties for Bayesian inference: they can model non-linear relationships through noisy observations, have closed-form expressions for training and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-31 Gonzalo Rios