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Despite recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), their performance on complex reasoning problems requiring multi-step thinking and combining various skills is still limited. To address this, we propose a novel framework HDFlow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Wenlin Yao , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs) enable parallel token updates with bidirectional attention, yet practical generation typically adopts blockwise semi-autoregressive decoding. This switch creates a training-inference mismatch:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Danny Wang , Ruihong Qiu , Zi Huang

Diffusion models have demonstrated strong potential in language modeling, offering various advantages over traditional autoregressive approaches. Their ability to generate and revise entire responses in parallel enables faster generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Michael Hersche , Samuel Moor-Smith , Thomas Hofmann , Abbas Rahimi

While recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have attained significant strides in multimodal reasoning, their reasoning processes remain predominantly text-centric, leading to suboptimal performance in complex long-horizon,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Zefeng He , Xiaoye Qu , Yafu Li , Tong Zhu , Siyuan Huang , Yu Cheng

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) are a potential alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) for language generation, but generation quality depends critically on the generation order. Prior work either hard-codes an ordering (e.g., blockwise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chunsan Hong , Sanghyun Lee , Jong Chul Ye

Generative models have made significant impacts across various domains, largely due to their ability to scale during training by increasing data, computational resources, and model size, a phenomenon characterized by the scaling laws.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Nanye Ma , Shangyuan Tong , Haolin Jia , Hexiang Hu , Yu-Chuan Su , Mingda Zhang , Xuan Yang , Yandong Li , Tommi Jaakkola , Xuhui Jia , Saining Xie

Large language models have achieved remarkable success under the autoregressive paradigm, yet high-quality text generation need not be tied to a fixed left-to-right order. Existing alternatives still struggle to jointly achieve generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hongcan Guo , Qinyu Zhao , Yian Zhao , Shen Nie , Rui Zhu , Qiushan Guo , Feng Wang , Tao Yang , Hengshuang Zhao , Guoqiang Wei , Yan Zeng

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit complementary strengths arising from differences in pretraining data, model architectures, and decoding behaviors. Inference-time ensembling provides a practical way to combine these capabilities without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Chengming Cui , Tianxin Wei , Ziyi Chen , Ruizhong Qiu , Zhichen Zeng , Zhining Liu , Xuying Ning , Duo Zhou , Jingrui He

Discrete diffusion-based multimodal large language models (dMLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive MLLMs thanks to their advantages in parallel decoding and bidirectional context modeling, but most existing dMLLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Duo Li , Zuhao Yang , Xiaoqin Zhang , Ling Shao , Shijian Lu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising performance across diverse domains. Many practical applications of LLMs, such as code completion and structured data extraction, require adherence to syntactic constraints specified by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Niels Mündler , Jasper Dekoninck , Martin Vechev

Diffusion models (DMs) have revolutionized generative learning. They utilize a diffusion process to encode data into a simple Gaussian distribution. However, encoding a complex, potentially multimodal data distribution into a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yilun Xu , Gabriele Corso , Tommi Jaakkola , Arash Vahdat , Karsten Kreis

This paper introduces a discrete diffusion model (DDM) framework for text-aligned speech tokenization and reconstruction. By replacing the auto-regressive speech decoder with a discrete diffusion counterpart, our model achieves…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Pin-Jui Ku , He Huang , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Zhehuai Chen , Ante Jukić

Diffusion models have achieved impressive success in generating photorealistic images, but challenges remain in ensuring precise semantic alignment with input prompts. Optimizing the initial noisy latent offers a more efficient alternative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Boming Miao , Chunxiao Li , Xiaoxiao Wang , Andi Zhang , Rui Sun , Zizhe Wang , Yao Zhu

We introduce the first watermark tailored for diffusion language models (DLMs), an emergent LLM paradigm able to generate tokens in arbitrary order, in contrast to standard autoregressive language models (ARLMs) which generate tokens…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Thibaud Gloaguen , Robin Staab , Nikola Jovanović , Martin Vechev

Autoregressive Large Language Models (AR-LLMs) are widely used in software engineering (SE) but face limitations in processing code structure information and suffer from high inference latency. Diffusion LLMs (DLLMs) offer a promising…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jingyao Zhang , Tianlin Li , Xiaoyu Zhang , Qiang Hu , Bin Shi

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently emerged as an alternative to autoregressive approaches, offering parallel sequence generation and flexible token orders. However, their inference remains slower than that of autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Pengxiang Li , Yefan Zhou , Dilxat Muhtar , Lu Yin , Shilin Yan , Li Shen , Soroush Vosoughi , Shiwei Liu

While most autoregressive LLMs are constrained to one-by-one decoding, diffusion LLMs (dLLMs) have attracted growing interest for their potential to dramatically accelerate inference through parallel decoding. Despite this promise, the…

Image tokenization plays a central role in modern generative modeling by mapping visual inputs into compact representations that serve as an intermediate signal between pixels and generative models. Diffusion-based decoders have recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Chuhan Wang , Hao Chen

Diffusion language models (dLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm that enables parallel, non-autoregressive generation, but their learning efficiency lags behind that of autoregressive (AR) language models when trained from scratch. To…

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) offer the potential for parallel token generation, but most open-source MDLMs decode fewer than 5 tokens per model forward pass even with sophisticated sampling strategies, limiting their parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Shirui Chen , Jiantao Jiao , Lillian J. Ratliff , Banghua Zhu