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Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate capabilities in code generation, potentially boosting developer productivity. However, their adoption remains limited by high computational costs, among other factors. Small Language Models (SLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Débora Souza , Rohit Gheyi , Lucas Albuquerque , Gustavo Soares , Márcio Ribeiro

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate code but often introduce security vulnerabilities, logical inconsistencies, and compilation errors. Prior work demonstrates that LLMs benefit substantially from structured feedback, static analysis,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Vidyut Sriram , Sawan Pandita , Achintya Lakshmanan , Aneesh Shamraj , Suman Saha

The goal of program synthesis, or code generation, is to generate executable code based on given descriptions. Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies employing reinforcement learning (RL) to improve the performance of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jiate Liu , Yiqin Zhu , Kaiwen Xiao , Qiang Fu , Xiao Han , Wei Yang , Deheng Ye

Despite the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs), they often lag behind specialized models in various tasks. LLMs only use a fraction of the existing training data for in-context learning, while task-specific models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Giorgos Vernikos , Arthur Bražinskas , Jakub Adamek , Jonathan Mallinson , Aliaksei Severyn , Eric Malmi

Recent research explores optimization using large language models (LLMs) by either iteratively seeking next-step solutions from LLMs or directly prompting LLMs for an optimizer. However, these approaches exhibit inherent limitations,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Zeyuan Ma , Hongshu Guo , Jiacheng Chen , Guojun Peng , Zhiguang Cao , Yining Ma , Yue-Jiao Gong

The Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly being deployed in robotics to generate robot control programs for specific user tasks, enabling embodied intelligence. Existing methods primarily focus on LLM training and prompt design that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 ZhenDong Chen , ZhanShang Nie , ShiXing Wan , JunYi Li , YongTian Cheng , Shuai Zhao

Code generation with large language models (LLMs), often termed vibe coding, is increasingly adopted in production but fails to ensure code quality, particularly in security (e.g., SQL injection vulnerabilities) and maintainability (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Feng Yao , Zilong Wang , Liyuan Liu , Junxia Cui , Li Zhong , Xiaohan Fu , Haohui Mai , Vish Krishnan , Jianfeng Gao , Jingbo Shang

Large language models (LLMs) deployed as agents solve user-specified tasks over multiple steps while keeping the required manual engagement to a minimum. Crucially, such LLMs need to ground their generations in any feedback obtained to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jonas Gehring , Kunhao Zheng , Jade Copet , Vegard Mella , Quentin Carbonneaux , Taco Cohen , Gabriel Synnaeve

In the past few years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded in usefulness and popularity for code generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with accuracy and are unsuitable for high-risk applications without additional oversight…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-29 William Murphy , Nikolaus Holzer , Feitong Qiao , Leyi Cui , Raven Rothkopf , Nathan Koenig , Mark Santolucito

In the domain of code generation, self-debugging is crucial. It allows LLMs to refine their generated code based on execution feedback. This is particularly important because generating correct solutions in one attempt proves challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Nan Jiang , Xiaopeng Li , Shiqi Wang , Qiang Zhou , Soneya Binta Hossain , Baishakhi Ray , Varun Kumar , Xiaofei Ma , Anoop Deoras

Traditional software fault injection methods, while foundational, face limitations in adequately representing real-world faults, offering customization, and requiring significant manual effort and expertise. This paper introduces a novel…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Domenico Cotroneo , Pietro Liguori

This work introduces (1) a technique that allows large language models (LLMs) to leverage user-provided code when solving programming tasks and (2) a method to iteratively generate modular sub-functions that can aid future code generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Patrick Hajali , Ignas Budvytis

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their widespread application in automated code generation. However, these models can still generate defective code that deviates from the specification. Previous research has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-21 QiHong Chen , Jiachen Yu , Jiawei Li , Jiecheng Deng , Justin Tian Jin Chen , Iftekhar Ahmed

Data selection for finetuning Large Language Models (LLMs) can be framed as a budget-constrained optimization problem: maximizing a model's downstream performance under a strict training data budget. Solving this problem is generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Animesh Jha , Harshit Gupta , Ananjan Nandi

The recent advancements of Small Language Models (SLMs) have opened new possibilities for efficient code generation. SLMs offer lightweight and cost-effective alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs), making them attractive for use in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Mahade Hasan , Muhammad Waseem , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Juha Ala-Rantala , Pekka Abrahamsson

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in code generation recently, offering programmers revolutionary assistance in software development. However, due to the auto-regressive nature of LLMs, they are susceptible…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xue Jiang , Yihong Dong , Yongding Tao , Huanyu Liu , Zhi Jin , Wenpin Jiao , Ge Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized code generation but require significant resources and often over-generalize, limiting their task-specific efficiency. Fine-tuning smaller, open-source LLMs provides a cost-effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Leitian Tao , Xiang Chen , Tong Yu , Tung Mai , Ryan Rossi , Yixuan Li , Saayan Mitra

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have established pre-dominance in automated code generation, they are not devoid of shortcomings. The pertinent issues primarily relate to the absence of execution guarantees for generated code, a lack…

This paper presents RTLFixer, a novel framework enabling automatic syntax errors fixing for Verilog code with Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite LLM's promising capabilities, our analysis indicates that approximately 55% of errors in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Yun-Da Tsai , Mingjie Liu , Haoxing Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in commercial code completion engines, significantly enhancing coding efficiency and productivity. However, LLMs may generate code with quality issues that violate coding standards and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yuan Jiang , Yujian Zhang , Liang Lu , Christoph Treude , Xiaohong Su , Shan Huang , Tiantian Wang