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The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture is reshaping telecommunications by promoting openness, flexibility, and intelligent closed-loop optimization. By decoupling hardware and software and enabling multi-vendor deployments,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Joshua Moore , Aly Sabri Abdalla , Prabesh Khanal , Vuk Marojevic

Accurate positioning is a key enabler for emerging 5G applications. While the standardized Location Management Function (LMF) operates centrally within the core network, its scalability and latency limitations hinder low-latency and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Alberto Ceresoli , Viola Bernazzoli , Roberto Pegurri , Ilario Filippini

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Open Radio Access Networks (ORAN) are transformative technologies in the development of next-generation wireless communication systems. MEC pushes computational resources closer to end-users, enabling low…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ryan Barker , Tolunay Seyfi , Fatemeh Afghah

The Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) aims to enable disaggregated, virtualized, programmable, and data-driven intelligent network with open interfaces to support various real-time and non-real-time applications for different classes of…

We present a retrieval-augmented question answering framework for 5G/6G networks, where the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has become central to disaggregated, virtualized, and AI-driven wireless systems. While O-RAN enables multi-vendor…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Nathan Conger , Nathan Scollar , Kemal Davaslioglu , Yalin E. Sagduyu , Sastry Kompella

The development of 6G wireless technologies is rapidly advancing, with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) entering the pre-standardization phase and aiming to deliver the first specifications by 2028. This paper explores the…

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has introduced an emerging RAN architecture that enables openness, intelligence, and automated control. The RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) provides the platform to design and deploy RAN controllers. xApps…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Mohammadreza Kouchaki , Vuk Marojevic

Next-generation wireless networks require intelligent traffic prediction to enable autonomous resource management and handle diverse, dynamic service demands. The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) framework provides a promising foundation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Abdelaziz Salama , Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Zeinab Nezami , Maryam Hafeez , Syed Ali Raza Zaidi

The Open Radio Access Network (RAN) is a networking paradigm that builds on top of cloud-based, multi-vendor, open and intelligent architectures to shape the next generation of cellular networks for 5G and beyond. While this new paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Joshua Groen , Salvatore DOro , Utku Demir , Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia , Kaushik Chowdhury

5G and beyond mobile networks will support heterogeneous use cases at an unprecedented scale, thus demanding automated control and optimization of network functionalities customized to the needs of individual users. Such fine-grained…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Andrea Lacava , Michele Polese , Rajarajan Sivaraj , Rahul Soundrarajan , Bhawani Shanker Bhati , Tarunjeet Singh , Tommaso Zugno , Francesca Cuomo , Tommaso Melodia

The open radio access network (O-RAN) architecture introduces RAN intelligent controllers (RICs) to facilitate the management and optimization of the disaggregated RAN. Reinforcement learning (RL) and its advanced form, deep RL (DRL), are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Mohammadreza Kouchaki , Aly Sabri Abdalla , Vuk Marojevic

Advanced wireless networks must support highly dynamic and heterogeneous service demands. Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture enables this flexibility by adopting modular, disaggregated components, such as the RAN Intelligent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Fatemeh Lotfi , Hossein Rajoli , Fatemeh Afghah

In this paper, we propose the concept of AIO-RAN-NTN, a unified all-in-one Radio Access Network (RAN) for Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs), built on an open architecture that leverages open interfaces and artificial intelligence (AI)-based…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Tri Nhu Do

The need for intelligent and efficient resource provisioning for the productive management of resources in real-world scenarios is growing with the evolution of telecommunications towards the 6G era. Technologies such as Open Radio Access…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Vaishnavi Kasuluru , Luis Blanco , Engin Zeydan , Albert Bel , Angelos Antonopoulos

Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) enhance modularity and telemetry granularity but also widen the cybersecurity attack surface across disaggregated control, user and management planes. We propose a hierarchical defense framework with three…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Tan Le , Van Le , Sachin Shetty

The recent O-RAN specifications promote the evolution of RAN architecture by function disaggregation, adoption of open interfaces, and instantiation of a hierarchical closed-loop control architecture managed by RAN Intelligent Controllers…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Bouziane Brik , Hatim Chergui , Lanfranco Zanzi , Francesco Devoti , Adlen Ksentini , Muhammad Shuaib Siddiqui , Xavier Costa-Pérez , Christos Verikoukis

The disaggregated, distributed and virtualised implementation of radio access networks allows for dynamic resource allocation. These attributes can be realised by virtue of the Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) architecture. In this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Łukasz Kułacz , Adrian Kliks , Syed A. Zaidi , Marcin Dryjanski , Des McLernon

As wireless networks grow to support more complex applications, the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture, with its smart RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) modules, becomes a crucial solution for real-time network data collection,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Fatemeh Lotfi , Fatemeh Afghah

RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) are programmable platforms that enable data-driven closed-loop control in the O-RAN architecture. They collect telemetry and data from the RAN, process it in custom applications, and enforce control or new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Angelo Feraudo , Stefano Maxenti , Andrea Lacava , Paolo Bellavista , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia

Vehicular communications integrated with the Radio Access Network (RAN) are envisioned as a breakthrough application for the 6th generation (6G) cellular systems. However, traditional RANs lack the flexibility to enable sophisticated…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Eugenio Moro , Francesco Linsalata , Maurizio Magarini , Umberto Spagnolini , Antonio Capone