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Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their substantial model sizes often require substantial computational resources. To preserve computing resources and accelerate inference speed, it is crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yirao Zhao , Guizhen Chen , Kenji Kawaguchi , Lidong Bing , Wenxuan Zhang

With the rapid growth in the size and complexity of large language models (LLMs), the costs associated with their training and inference have escalated significantly. Research indicates that certain layers in LLMs harbor substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Longguang Zhong , Fanqi Wan , Ruijun Chen , Xiaojun Quan , Liangzhi Li

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly advanced in recent years, achieving remarkable performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, this progress has come at the cost of increasingly large model sizes,…

The pruning objective has recently extended beyond accuracy and sparsity to robustness in language models. Despite this, existing methods struggle to enhance robustness against adversarial attacks when continually increasing model sparsity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Jianwei Li , Qi Lei , Wei Cheng , Dongkuan Xu

Learned sparse retrieval (LSR) is a popular method for first-stage retrieval because it combines the semantic matching of language models with efficient CPU-friendly algorithms. Previous work aggregates blocks into "superblocks" to quickly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Parker Carlson , Wentai Xie , Rohil Shah , Tao Yang

There emerges a promising trend of using large language models (LLMs) to generate code-like plans for complex inference tasks such as visual reasoning. This paradigm, known as LLM-based planning, provides flexibility in problem solving and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Pengbo Hu , Ji Qi , Xingyu Li , Hong Li , Xinqi Wang , Bing Quan , Ruiyu Wang , Yi Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently achieved remarkable progress by leveraging Reinforcement Learning and extended Chain-of-Thought (CoT) techniques. However, the challenge of performing efficient language reasoning--especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zhong-Zhi Li , Xiao Liang , Zihao Tang , Lei Ji , Peijie Wang , Haotian Xu , Xing W , Haizhen Huang , Weiwei Deng , Yeyun Gong , Zhijiang Guo , Xiao Liu , Fei Yin , Cheng-Lin Liu

Structured pruning is a promising approach to create smaller, faster large language models. However, existing methods typically rely on computing the gradient via backward passes, which can inflate memory requirements and compute costs. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Steven Kolawole , Lucio Dery , Jean-François Kagy , Virginia Smith , Graham Neubig , Ameet Talwalkar

Discovering efficient algorithms for solving complex problems has been an outstanding challenge in mathematics and computer science, requiring substantial human expertise over the years. Recent advancements in evolutionary search with large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Anja Surina , Amin Mansouri , Lars Quaedvlieg , Amal Seddas , Maryna Viazovska , Emmanuel Abbe , Caglar Gulcehre

Structured pruning reduces LLM inference cost by removing low-importance architectural components. This can be viewed as learning a multiplicative gate for each component under an l0 sparsity constraint. Due to the discreteness of the l0…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Weiyu Huang , Pengle Zhang , Xiaolu Zhang , Jun Zhou , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen

Fueled by their remarkable ability to tackle diverse tasks across multiple domains, large language models (LLMs) have grown at an unprecedented rate, with some recent models containing trillions of parameters. This growth is accompanied by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Athanasios Glentis , Jiaxiang Li , Qiulin Shang , Andi Han , Ioannis Tsaknakis , Quan Wei , Mingyi Hong

Dataset pruning aims to select a subset of a dataset for efficient model training. While data efficiency in natural language processing has primarily focused on within-corpus scenarios during model pre-training, efficient dataset pruning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Binh-Nguyen Nguyen , Yang He

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful tool for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) to improve complex reasoning abilities. However, state-of-the-art policy optimization methods often suffer from high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Kianté Brantley , Mingyu Chen , Zhaolin Gao , Jason D. Lee , Wen Sun , Wenhao Zhan , Xuezhou Zhang

In the last decade convolutional neural networks have become gargantuan. Pre-trained models, when used as initializers are able to fine-tune ever larger networks on small datasets. Consequently, not all the convolutional features that these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Ragav Venkatesan , Gurumurthy Swaminathan , Xiong Zhou , Anna Luo

Small language models (SLMs) have attracted considerable attention from both academia and industry due to their broad range of applications in edge devices. To obtain SLMs with strong performance, conventional approaches either pre-train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Rui Pan , Shivanshu Shekhar , Boyao Wang , Shizhe Diao , Jipeng Zhang , Xingyuan Pan , Renjie Pi , Tong Zhang

This work suggests fundamentally rethinking the current practice of pruning large language models (LLMs). The way it is done is by divide and conquer: split the model into submodels, sequentially prune them, and reconstruct predictions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Sungbin Shin , Wonpyo Park , Jaeho Lee , Namhoon Lee

Matrix factorization (MF) is a widely used collaborative filtering (CF) algorithm for recommendation systems (RSs), due to its high prediction accuracy, great flexibility and high efficiency in big data processing. However, with the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Yining Wu , Shengyu Duan , Gaole Sai , Chenhong Cao , Guobing Zou

Although large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in multi-modal understanding and reasoning, their practical applications are still limited by massive model parameters and high computational costs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ji Ma , Wei Suo , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

It is crucial for large language models (LLMs) to follow instructions that involve multiple constraints. However, it is an unexplored area to enhance LLMs' ability to follow soft constraints. To bridge the gap, we initially design a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Qingyu Ren , Jie Zeng , Qianyu He , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao , Weikang Zhou , Zeye Sun , Fei Yu

Large language models excel at short-horizon reasoning tasks, but performance drops as reasoning horizon lengths increase. Existing approaches to combat this rely on inference-time scaffolding or costly step-level supervision, neither of…