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State estimation for legged robots remains challenging because legged odometry generally suffers from limited observability and therefore depends critically on measurement constraints to suppress drift. When exteroceptive sensors are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Wanlei Li , Zichang Chen , Shilei Li , Xiaogang Xiong , Yunjiang Lou

This paper introduces a novel proprioceptive state estimator for legged robots based on a learned displacement measurement from IMU data. Recent research in pedestrian tracking has shown that motion can be inferred from inertial data using…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Russell Buchanan , Marco Camurri , Frank Dellaert , Maurice Fallon

Agile locomotion in complex 3D environments requires robust spatial awareness to safely avoid diverse obstacles such as aerial clutter, uneven terrain, and dynamic agents. Depth-based perception approaches often struggle with sensor noise,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zifan Wang , Teli Ma , Yufei Jia , Xun Yang , Jiaming Zhou , Wenlong Ouyang , Qiang Zhang , Junwei Liang

Accurately perceiving location and scene is crucial for autonomous driving and mobile robots. Recent advances in deep learning have made it possible to learn egomotion and depth from monocular images in a self-supervised manner, without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Hao Qu , Lilian Zhang , Xiaoping Hu , Xiaofeng He , Xianfei Pan , Changhao Chen

Inertial localisation is an important technique as it enables ego-motion estimation in conditions where external observers are unavailable. However, low-cost inertial sensors are inherently corrupted by bias and noise, which lead to unbound…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-06 James Brotchie , Wenchao Li , Andrew D. Greentree , Allison Kealy

Learning controllers that reproduce legged locomotion in nature has been a long-time goal in robotics and computer graphics. While yielding promising results, recent approaches are not yet flexible enough to be applicable to legged systems…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Daniel Ordonez-Apraez , Antonio Agudo , Francesc Moreno-Noguer , Mario Martin

Ensuring safe navigation in complex environments requires accurate real-time traversability assessment and understanding of environmental interactions relative to the robot`s capabilities. Traditional methods, which assume simplified…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Pascal Roth , Jonas Frey , Cesar Cadena , Marco Hutter

Autonomous robots must navigate reliably in unknown environments even under compromised exteroceptive perception, or perception failures. Such failures often occur when harsh environments lead to degraded sensing, or when the perception…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Jin Jin , Chong Zhang , Jonas Frey , Nikita Rudin , Matias Mattamala , Cesar Cadena , Marco Hutter

Recent advancements in legged robot perceptive locomotion have shown promising progress. However, terrain-aware humanoid locomotion remains largely constrained to two paradigms: depth image-based end-to-end learning and elevation map-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jingkai Sun , Gang Han , Pihai Sun , Wen Zhao , Jiahang Cao , Jiaxu Wang , Yijie Guo , Qiang Zhang

Reliable robot pose estimation is a key building block of many robot autonomy pipelines, with LiDAR localization being an active research domain. In this work, a versatile self-supervised LiDAR odometry estimation method is presented, in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Julian Nubert , Shehryar Khattak , Marco Hutter

Recent progress in legged locomotion has allowed highly dynamic and parkour-like behaviors for robots, similar to their biological counterparts. Yet, these methods mostly rely on egocentric (first-person) perception, limiting their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Rémy Rahem , Wael Suleiman

Legged robots carry an IMU, but the inertial solution drifts because consumer-grade IMUs are noisy. However, the feet create intermittent contacts with the environment that can be used to mitigate that drift. This report develops a sequence…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Frank Dellaert , Chiyun Noh , Varun Agrawal , Ayoung Kim

This work develops a learning-based contact estimator for legged robots that bypasses the need for physical sensors and takes multi-modal proprioceptive sensory data as input. Unlike vision-based state estimators, proprioceptive state…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Tzu-Yuan Lin , Ray Zhang , Justin Yu , Maani Ghaffari

Reliable odometry for legged robots without cameras or LiDAR remains challenging due to IMU drift and noisy joint velocity sensing. This paper presents a purely proprioceptive state estimator that uses only IMU and motor measurements to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Minxing Sun , Yao Mao

For leg exoskeletons to operate effectively in real-world environments, they must be able to perceive and understand the terrain around them. However, unlike other legged robots, exoskeletons face specific constraints on where depth sensors…

Multi-modal fusion of sensors is a commonly used approach to enhance the performance of odometry estimation, which is also a fundamental module for mobile robots. However, the question of \textit{how to perform fusion among different…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Leyuan Sun , Guanqun Ding , Yue Qiu , Yusuke Yoshiyasu , Fumio Kanehiro

Visual Inertial Odometry (VIO) is one of the most established state estimation methods for mobile platforms. However, when visual tracking fails, VIO algorithms quickly diverge due to rapid error accumulation during inertial data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Russell Buchanan , Varun Agrawal , Marco Camurri , Frank Dellaert , Maurice Fallon

State-of-the-art robotic perception systems have achieved sufficiently good performance using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), cameras, and nonlinear optimization techniques, that they are now being deployed as technologies. However, many…

One of the significant challenges in legged robotics is achieving accurate odometry using only onboard proprioceptive sensors. In this study, we present a complete leg odometry pipeline based on an Error-State EKF (ESEKF) that relies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Emre Girgin , Cagri Kilic

In this paper, we present a novel factor graph formulation to estimate the pose and velocity of a quadruped robot on slippery and deformable terrain. The factor graph introduces a preintegrated velocity factor that incorporates velocity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-22 David Wisth , Marco Camurri , Maurice Fallon
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