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Data-driven approaches, most prominently deep learning, have become powerful tools for prediction in many domains. A natural question to ask is whether data-driven methods could also be used to predict global weather patterns days in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-12-30 Stephan Rasp , Peter D. Dueben , Sebastian Scher , Jonathan A. Weyn , Soukayna Mouatadid , Nils Thuerey

Sea ice plays a critical role in the global climate system and maritime operations, making timely and accurate classification essential. However, traditional manual methods are time-consuming, costly, and have inherent biases. Automating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Samira Alkaee Taleghan , Andrew P. Barrett , Walter N. Meier , Farnoush Banaei-Kashani

The ocean profoundly influences human activities and plays a critical role in climate regulation. Our understanding has improved over the last decades with the advent of satellite remote sensing data, allowing us to capture essential…

Regional weather forecasting is a critical problem for localized climate adaptation, disaster mitigation, and sustainable development. While machine learning has shown impressive progress in global weather forecasting, regional forecasting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Tung Nguyen , Harkanwar Singh , Nilay Naharas , Lucas Bandarkar , Aditya Grover

Ocean modeling is a powerful tool for simulating the physical, chemical, and biological processes of the ocean, which is the foundation for marine science research and operational oceanography. Modern numerical ocean modeling mainly…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-08-11 Wei Xiong , Yanfei Xiang , Hao Wu , Shuyi Zhou , Yuze Sun , Muyuan Ma , Xiaomeng Huang

Accurate evaluation of weather forecasting models is critical for their reliable deployment in real-world applications. However, existing benchmarks predominantly rely on reanalysis products such as ERA5, which are generated through delayed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruize Li , Zhibin Wen , Tao Han , Hao Chen , Fenghua Ling , Wei Zhang , Song Guo , Lei Bai

Ocean forecasting is crucial for both scientific research and societal benefits. Currently, the most accurate forecasting systems are global ocean forecasting systems (GOFSs), which represent the ocean state variables (OSVs) as discrete…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Nan Yang , Chong Wang , Meihua Zhao , Zimeng Zhao , Huiling Zheng , Bin Zhang , Jianing Wang , Xiaofeng Li

High-fidelity ocean forecasting at high spatial and temporal resolution is essential for capturing fine-scale dynamical features, with profound implications for hazard prediction, maritime navigation, and sustainable ocean management. While…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Yuan Niu , Qiusheng Huang , Xiaohui Zhong , Anboyu Guo , Lei Chen , Xiaoyan Jia , Jiawei Qi , Dianjun Zhang , Hao Li , Xuefeng Zhang

Accurate, high-resolution ocean forecasting is crucial for maritime operations and environmental monitoring. While traditional numerical models are capable of producing sub-daily, eddy-resolving forecasts, they are computationally intensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Qiusheng Huang , Yuan Niu , Xiaohui Zhong , Anboyu Guo , Lei Chen , Dianjun Zhang , Xuefeng Zhang , Hao Li

Floods are among the most common and devastating natural hazards, imposing immense costs on our society and economy due to their disastrous consequences. Recent progress in weather prediction and spaceborne flood mapping demonstrated the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Brandon Victor , Mathilde Letard , Peter Naylor , Karim Douch , Nicolas Longépé , Zhen He , Patrick Ebel

Subseasonal forecasting of the weather two to six weeks in advance is critical for resource allocation and advance disaster notice but poses many challenges for the forecasting community. At this forecast horizon, physics-based dynamical…

Extreme precipitation events, such as violent rainfall and hail storms, routinely ravage economies and livelihoods around the developing world. Climate change further aggravates this issue. Data-driven deep learning approaches could widen…

Climate science studies the structure and dynamics of Earth's climate system and seeks to understand how climate changes over time, where the data is usually stored in the format of time series, recording the climate features, geolocation,…

Extreme ocean phenomena are challenging not only to predict but to diagnose, as accurate forecasts alone do not reveal the underlying physical drivers. While recent machine learning approaches achieve strong predictive skill, they remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Sanah Suri , Kieran Ringel , Maike Sonnewald

Accurate ocean forecasting systems are vital for understanding marine dynamics, which play a crucial role in environmental management and climate adaptation strategies. Traditional numerical solvers, while effective, are computationally…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-21 Daniel Holmberg , Emanuela Clementi , Teemu Roos

Accurate ocean forecasting systems are essential for understanding marine dynamics, which play a crucial role in sectors such as shipping, aquaculture, environmental monitoring, and coastal risk management. Traditional numerical solvers,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Daniel Holmberg , Emanuela Clementi , Italo Epicoco , Teemu Roos

The leading operational Global Ocean Forecasting Systems (GOFSs) use physics-driven numerical forecasting models that solve the partial differential equations with expensive computation. Recently, specifically in atmosphere weather…

Oceanographic forecasting impacts various sectors of society by supporting environmental conservation and economic activities. Based on global circulation models, traditional forecasting methods are computationally expensive and slow,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Giovanny A. Cuervo-Londoño , Javier Sánchez , Ángel Rodríguez-Santana

WeatherBench 2 is an update to the global, medium-range (1-14 day) weather forecasting benchmark proposed by Rasp et al. (2020), designed with the aim to accelerate progress in data-driven weather modeling. WeatherBench 2 consists of an…

Deep learning approaches for marine fog detection and forecasting have outperformed traditional methods, demonstrating significant scientific and practical importance. However, the limited availability of open-source datasets remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Mengqiu Xu , Kaixin Chen , Heng Guo , Yixiang Huang , Ming Wu , Zhenwei Shi , Chuang Zhang , Jun Guo
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