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Fluid Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (FRISs) are gaining momentum as an improved alternative over classical RIS. However, it remains unclear whether their performance gains can be entirely attributed to spatial flexibility, or instead…

The concept of fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface (FRIS) upgrades the conventional reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) paradigm by empowering its reflecting elements with positioning reconfigurability. This letter aims to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Xusheng Zhu , Kai-Kit Wong , Boyi Tang , Wen Chen , Chan-Byoung Chae

This letter investigates the secrecy performance of wireless communication systems assisted by a fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface (FRIS). Unlike conventional reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) with fixed geometries, FRISs…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Masoud Kaveh , Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Francisco Hernando-Gallego , Diego Martín , Kai-Kit Wong , Riku Jäntti

This letter proposes a fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface (FRIS) paradigm, extending the conventional reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology to incorporate position reconfigurability of the elements. In our model, a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Han Xiao , Xiaoyan Hu , Kai-Kit Wong , Hanjiang Hong , George C. Alexandropoulos , Chan-Byoung Chae

This paper investigates the impact of the recently proposed concept of fluid reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (FRIS) on covert communications. Specifically, we consider a communication scenario where a legitimate transmitter aims to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Masoud Kaveh , Hanjiang Hong , Kai-Kit Wong , Riku Jantti , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez

This paper proposes a novel pattern-reconfigurable fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface (FRIS) framework, where each fluid element can dynamically adjust its radiation pattern based on instantaneous channel conditions. To evaluate its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Han Xiao , Xiaoyan Hu , Kai-Kit Wong , Xusheng Zhu , Hanjiang Hong , Chan-Byoung Chae

Fluid reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (FRIS) enable joint position and phase reconfigurability by integrating fluid antennas (FA) with conventional reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). In this paper, we propose a novel FRIS-based…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Peng Zhang , Jian Dang , Miaowen Wen , Ziyang Liu , Kai-Kit Wong , Chen Zhao , Huaifeng Shi , Zaichen Zhang

The fluid antenna concept represents shape-flexible and position-flexible antenna technologies designed to enhance wireless communication applications. In this paper, we apply this concept to reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-25 Abdelhamid Salem , Kai-Kit Wong , George Alexandropoulos , Chan-Byoung Chae , Ross Murch

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a planar surface that can enhance the quality of communication by providing control over the communication environment. Reflection optimization is one of the pivotal challenges in RIS setups.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Seyedkhashayar Hashemi , Masoud Ardakani , Hai Jiang

This paper investigates the secrecy outage probability (SOP), the lower bound of SOP, and the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity (PNZ) of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted systems from an information-theoretic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Long Kong , Steven Kisseleff , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Ottersten , Melike Erol-Kantarci

This letter investigates the performance of emerging wireless communication systems assisted by a fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface (FRIS). Unlike conventional reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), an FRIS consists of…

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) constitute a strong candidate physical-layer technology for the $6$-th Generation (6G) of wireless networks, offering new design degrees of freedom for efficiently addressing demanding performance…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Konstantinos D. Katsanos , George C. Alexandropoulos

The rising concept of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has promising potential for Beyond 5G localization applications. We herein investigate different phase profile designs at a reflective RIS, which enable non-line-of-sight…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-27 Moustafa Rahal , Benoît Denis , Kamran Keykhosravi , Furkan Keskin , Bernard Uguen , Henk Wymeersch

A fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface (fRIS)-aided integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system is proposed to enhance multi-target sensing and multi-user communication. Unlike the conventional RIS, the fRIS employs movable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-08 Junjie Ye , Peichang Zhang , Xiao-Peng Li , Lei Huang , Yuanwei Liu

This paper investigates beamforming-gain maximization for a fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface (FRIS)-assisted downlink system, where each active port applies a finite-resolution unit-modulus phase selected from a discrete codebook.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-13 Hong-Bae Jeon

Secrecy outage probability (SOP) and secrecy rate (SR) of the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted wireless networks under Rician fading are investigated in this paper. More precisely, we enhance the secrecy performance of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Thi Tuyet Hai Nguyen , Tien Hoa Nguyen

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a type of wireless communication technology that uses a reconfigurable surface, such as a wall or building that is able to adjust its properties by an integrated optimization algorithm in order to…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-09-25 Emanuel Colella , Luca Bastianelli , Franco Moglie , Valter Mariani Primiani

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have been actively researched as a potential technique for future wireless communications, which intelligently ameliorate the signal propagation environment. In the conventional design, each RIS…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Qingchao Li , Mohammed El-Hajjar , Ibrahim Hemadeh , Arman Shojaeifard , Alain A. M. Mourad , Bruno Clerckx , Lajos Hanzo

This correspondence investigates a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted wireless communication system with security threats. The RIS is deployed to enhance the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the data sent to a legitimate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Wei Shi , Jindan Xu , Wei Xu , Marco Di Renzo , Chunming Zhao

We consider a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that can implement a phase rotation continuously over the whole surface rather than via a finite number of discrete elements. Such an RIS can be considered a design for future systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-18 Amy S. Inwood , Peter J. Smith , Mahmoud AlaaEldin , Michail Matthaiou
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