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Machine unlearning has the potential to improve the safety of large language models (LLMs) by removing sensitive or harmful information post hoc. A key challenge in unlearning involves balancing between forget quality (effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Shengyuan Hu , Neil Kale , Pratiksha Thaker , Yiwei Fu , Steven Wu , Virginia Smith

The safety of large language models (LLMs) has increasingly emerged as a fundamental aspect of their development. Existing safety alignment for LLMs is predominantly achieved through post-training methods, which are computationally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sicheng Shen , Mingyang Lv , Han Shen , Jialin Wu , Binghao Wang , Zhou Yang , Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Feifei Zhao , Yi Zeng

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in visual understanding tasks, yet they often suffer from object hallucinations--generating descriptions of objects that are inconsistent with or entirely absent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xinmiao Hu , Chun Wang , Ruihe An , ChenYu Shao , Xiaojun Ye , Sheng Zhou , Liangcheng Li

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) such as LLaVA are typically trained with an autoregressive language modeling objective, providing only indirect supervision to visual tokens. This often yields weak internal visual representations and brittle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Dhruv Parikh , Jacob Fein-Ashley , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Jailbreak attacks pose a serious threat to the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) by crafting adversarial prompts that bypass alignment mechanisms, causing the models to produce harmful, restricted, or biased content. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Xiangman Li , Xiaodong Wu , Qi Li , Jianbing Ni , Rongxing Lu

Despite significant progress in safety alignment, large language models (LLMs) remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks. Existing defense mechanisms have not fully deleted harmful knowledge in LLMs, which allows such attacks to bypass…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zesheng Shi , Yucheng Zhou , Jing Li

Large language models (LLMs) frequently memorize sensitive information during training, posing risks when deploying publicly accessible models. Current machine unlearning methods struggle to selectively remove specific data associations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Saransh Agrawal , Kuan-Hao Huang

Vision-language models (VLMs) raise growing concerns about privacy, copyright, and bias, motivating machine unlearning to remove sensitive knowledge. However, existing methods primarily fine-tune the language decoder, leading to superficial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Kaidi Jia , Yujie Lin , Chengyi Yang , Jiayao Ma , Jinsong Su

Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) has advanced the performance of many vision-language tasks, such as image-text retrieval, visual entailment, and visual reasoning. The pre-training mostly utilizes lexical databases and image queries in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Yasmine Karoui , Rémi Lebret , Negar Foroutan , Karl Aberer

Lightweight Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are indispensable for resource-constrained applications. The prevailing approach to aligning vision and language models involves freezing both the vision encoder and the language model while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yuanze Hu , Zhaoxin Fan , Xinyu Wang , Gen Li , Ye Qiu , Zhichao Yang , Wenjun Wu , Kejian Wu , Yifan Sun , Xiaotie Deng , Jin Dong

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable multimodal comprehension and reasoning capabilities, but they still suffer from severe object hallucination. Previous studies primarily attribute the flaw to linguistic prior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Haohan Zheng , Zhenguo Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) inevitably acquire harmful information during training on massive datasets. LLM unlearning aims to eliminate the influence of such harmful information while maintaining the model's overall performance. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Wenyu Wang , Mengqi Zhang , Xiaotian Ye , Zhaochun Ren , Zhumin Chen , Pengjie Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong potential in accelerating digital hardware design through automated code generation. Yet, ensuring their reliability remains a critical challenge, as existing LLMs trained on massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Yiwen Liang , Qiufeng Li , Shikai Wang , Weidong Cao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) deployed on devices must adapt to continuously changing visual scenarios such as variations in background and perspective, to effectively perform complex visual tasks. To investigate catastrophic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Kai Jiang , Siqi Huang , Xiangyu Chen , Jiawei Shao , Hongyuan Zhang , Ping Luo , Xuelong Li

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) can recognize individuals in images and disclose sensitive personal information about them, raising critical privacy concerns. Machine unlearning aims to remove such knowledge from the model. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Minsung Kim , Nakyeong Yang , Kyomin Jung

The growing concern over training data privacy has elevated the "Right to be Forgotten" into a critical requirement, thereby raising the demand for effective Machine Unlearning. However, existing unlearning approaches commonly suffer from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Haoyu Wang , Zhuo Huang , Xiaolong Wang , Bo Han , Zhiwei Lin , Tongliang Liu

Visual modality is the most vulnerable to privacy leakage in real-world multimodal applications like autonomous driving with visual and radar data; Machine unlearning removes specific training data from pre-trained models to address privacy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jinghan Xu Yuyang Zhang Qixuan Cai Jiancheng Chen Keqiu Li

The task of "unlearning" certain concepts in large language models (LLMs) has attracted immense attention recently, due to its importance in mitigating undesirable model behaviours, such as the generation of harmful, private, or incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yihuai Hong , Lei Yu , Haiqin Yang , Shauli Ravfogel , Mor Geva

Large language models trained on web-scale data can memorize private or sensitive knowledge, raising significant privacy risks. Although some unlearning methods mitigate these risks, they remain vulnerable to "relearning" during subsequent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Nakyeong Yang , Dong-Kyum Kim , Jea Kwon , Minsung Kim , Kyomin Jung , Meeyoung Cha

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), built upon LLMs, have recently gained attention for their capabilities in image recognition and understanding. However, while MLLMs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, the transferability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Chenhe Gu , Jindong Gu , Andong Hua , Yao Qin