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We demonstrate that the magneto-optic-Kerr effect with normal light incidence can be used to obtain quantitative optical measurements of both components of spin-orbit-induced torque (both the antidamping and effective-field components) in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-01-31 Xin Fan , Alex R. Mellnik , Wenrui Wang , Neal Reynolds , Tao Wang , Halise Celik , Virginia O. Lorenz , Daniel C. Ralph , John Q. Xiao

Magnetic and spintronic media have offered fundamental scientific subjects and technological applications. Magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) microscopy provides the most accessible platform to study the dynamics of spins, magnetic…

The magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) is a widely used lab-based technique for the study of thin films and nanostructures, providing magnetic characterization with good spatial and temporal resolutions. Due to the complex coupling of light…

Charge-to-spin conversion in various material systems is the key for the fundamental understanding of spin-orbitronis as well as the development of efficient means to manipulate the magnetization. We report the direct spatial imaging of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Yang Liu , Jean Besbas , Yi Wang , Pan He , Mengji Chen , Dapeng Zhu , Yang Wu , Jong Min Lee , Lan Wang , Jisoo Moon , Nikesh Koirala , Seongshik Oh , Hyunsoo Yang

The magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE), the differential reflection of oppositely circularly polarized light, has traditionally been associated with relativistic spin-orbit coupling (SOC), which links a particle's spin with its orbital…

A MOKE magnetometry unit simultaneously sensitive to both in-plane magnetization components, based on an intensity differential detection method, allows us to observe the uniaxial anisotropy impressed during CoFe-deposition and to…

We inject spin-polarized electrons from an Fe/MgO tunnel barrier contact into n-type Ge(001) substrates with electron densities 2e16 < n < 8e17 cm-3, and electrically detect the resulting spin accumulation using three-terminal Hanle…

Materials Science · Physics 2012-02-20 A. T. Hanbicki , S. -. F. Cheng , R. Goswami , O. M. J. van `t Erve , B. T. Jonker

Hall effects have been employed as sensitive detectors of magnetic fields and magnetizations. In spintronics, exotic phenomena often emerge from a non-equilibrium spin polarization or magnetization, that is very difficult to measure…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-08-04 Dazhi Hou , Z. Qiu , R. Iguchi , K. Sato , K. Uchida , G. E. W. Bauer , E. Saitoh

Spin noise sets fundamental limits to the precision of measurements using spin-polarized atomic vapors, such as performed with sensitive atomic magnetometers. Spin squeezing offers the possibility to extend the measurement precision beyond…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 I. K. Kominis

The magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) is often assumed to be proportional to the magnetisation of a magnetically ordered metallic sample; in metallic ferrimagnets with chemically distinct sublattices, such as rare-earth transition-metal…

Recently magnetic storage and magnetic memory have shifted towards the use of magnetic thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Understanding the magnetic damping in these materials is crucial, but normal Ferromagnetic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Dustin M. Lattery , Delin Zhang , Jie Zhu , Paul Crowell , Jian-Ping Wang , Xiaojia Wang

We describe a geometry for a Sagnac interferometer with a zero-area Sagnac loop for measuring magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) at cryogenic temperatures. The apparatus is capable of measuring absolute polar Kerr rotation at 1550 nm…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Jing Xia , Peter T. Beyersdorf , Martin M. Fejer , Aharon Kapitulnik

An alternate method of measuring anisotropy fields in thin film ferromagnets is demonstrated. The method relies on the magnetic susceptibility in a small a.c. magnetic field, measured \txtit{in situ} using the magneto-optic Kerr effect…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-04-17 A. Bartlett , R. Belanger , M. Amman , D. Venus

Spin accumulation induced by spin-orbit coupling is experimentally quantified in stack with in-plane magnetic anisotropy via the contribution of spin accumulation to Hall resistances. Using a biasing direct current the spin accumulation…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-09-26 Feilong Luo , Sarjoosing Goolaup , Christian Engel , Wen Siang Lew

We adapt Sagnac interferometry for magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements of spin-orbit-torque-induced magnetic tilting in thin-film magnetic samples. The high sensitivity of Sagnac interferometry permits for the first time optical…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-09-29 Saba Karimeddiny , Thow Min Cham , Daniel C. Ralph , Yunqiu Kelly Luo

Magneto-optical sensors including spin noise spectroscopies and magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopies are now ubiquitous tools for materials characterization that can provide new understanding of spin dynamics, hyperfine interactions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-10 Yun-Yi Pai , Claire E. Marvinney , Chengyun Hua , Raphael C. Pooser , Benjamin J. Lawrie

The generation and manipulation of carrier spin polarization in semiconductors solely by electric fields has garnered significant attention as both an interesting manifestation of spin-orbit physics as well as a valuable capability for…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2008-06-03 N. P. Stern , D. W. Steuerman , S. Mack , A. C. Gossard , D. D. Awschalom

The photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) is generally believed to be a result of an effective spin-orbit coupling, which describes the mutual influence of the spin (polarization) and the trajectory of the light beam. The photonic SHE holds great…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-22 Xinxing Zhou , Shizhen Chen , Yachao Liu , Hailu Luo , Shuangchun Wen

Sagnac interferometry can provide a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio compared to conventional magnetic imaging based on the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). We show that this improvement is sufficient to allow…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-07-24 Saba Karimeddiny , Thow Min Jerald Cham , Orion Smedley , Daniel C. Ralph , Yunqiu Kelly Luo

In their Comment, Kimling and Kuschel (hereafter the commenters) challenge our original interpretation of the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements using ultrasensitive Sagnac interferometer, claiming that the transverse…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-03-27 R. McLaughlin , D. Sun , C. Zhang , M. Groesbeck , Z. Valy Vardeny