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While reinforcement learning (RL) has the potential to enable robots to autonomously acquire a wide range of skills, in practice, RL usually requires manual, per-task engineering of reward functions, especially in real world settings where…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Tianhe Yu , Gleb Shevchuk , Dorsa Sadigh , Chelsea Finn

As deep reinforcement learning driven by visual perception becomes more widely used there is a growing need to better understand and probe the learned agents. Understanding the decision making process and its relationship to visual inputs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Christian Rupprecht , Cyril Ibrahim , Christopher J. Pal

Scaling Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models on large-scale data offers a promising path to achieving a more generalized driving intelligence. However, VLA models are limited by a ``supervision deficit'': the vast model capacity is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yingyan Li , Shuyao Shang , Weisong Liu , Bing Zhan , Haochen Wang , Yuqi Wang , Yuntao Chen , Xiaoman Wang , Yasong An , Chufeng Tang , Lu Hou , Lue Fan , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Real-world robots are becoming increasingly complex and commonly act in poorly understood environments where it is extremely challenging to model or learn their true dynamics. Therefore, it might be desirable to take a task-specific…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Somil Bansal , Roberto Calandra , Ted Xiao , Sergey Levine , Claire J. Tomlin

Model-based control requires an accurate model of the system dynamics for precisely and safely controlling the robot in complex and dynamic environments. Moreover, in the presence of variations in the operating conditions, the model should…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Alessandro Saviolo , Jonathan Frey , Abhishek Rathod , Moritz Diehl , Giuseppe Loianno

The objective of domain generalization (DG) is to enable models to be robust against domain shift. DG is crucial for deploying vision-language models (VLMs) in real-world applications, yet most existing methods rely on domain labels that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zhixing Li , Arsham Gholamzadeh Khoee , Yinan Yu

Robots in uncertain real-world environments must perform both goal-directed and exploratory actions. However, most deep learning-based control methods neglect exploration and struggle under uncertainty. To address this, we adopt deep active…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Kentaro Fujii , Shingo Murata

Combining model-based and model-free deep reinforcement learning has shown great promise for improving sample efficiency on complex control tasks while still retaining high performance. Incorporating imagination is a recent effort in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Muhammad Burhan Hafez , Cornelius Weber , Matthias Kerzel , Stefan Wermter

Detecting vehicles in aerial imagery is a critical task with applications in traffic monitoring, urban planning, and defense intelligence. Deep learning methods have provided state-of-the-art (SOTA) results for this application. However, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xiao Fang , Minhyek Jeon , Zheyang Qin , Stanislav Panev , Celso de Melo , Shuowen Hu , Shayok Chakraborty , Fernando De la Torre

The ability to accurately predict the surrounding environment is a foundational principle of intelligence in biological and artificial agents. In recent years, a variety of approaches have been proposed for learning to predict the physical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Alberto Cenzato , Alberto Testolin , Marco Zorzi

Goal-oriented dialogue systems face a trade-off between fluent language generation and task-specific control. While supervised learning with large language models is capable of producing realistic text, how to steer such responses towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Charlie Snell , Mengjiao Yang , Justin Fu , Yi Su , Sergey Levine

World models aim to learn action-controlled future prediction and have proven essential for the development of intelligent agents. However, most existing world models rely heavily on substantial action-labeled data and costly training,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shenyuan Gao , Siyuan Zhou , Yilun Du , Jun Zhang , Chuang Gan

Engineering design problems often involve large state and action spaces along with highly sparse rewards. Since an exhaustive search of those spaces is not feasible, humans utilize relevant domain knowledge to condense the search space.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Ayush Raina , Lucas Puentes , Jonathan Cagan , Christopher McComb

Learning-based approaches to robotic manipulation are limited by the scalability of data collection and accessibility of labels. In this paper, we present a multi-task domain adaptation framework for instance grasping in cluttered scenes by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Kuan Fang , Yunfei Bai , Stefan Hinterstoisser , Silvio Savarese , Mrinal Kalakrishnan

We consider the problem of learning useful robotic skills from previously collected offline data without access to manually specified rewards or additional online exploration, a setting that is becoming increasingly important for scaling…

The safe deployment of autonomous vehicles relies on their ability to effectively react to environmental changes. This can require maneuvering on varying surfaces which is still a difficult problem, especially for slippery terrains. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Johan Vertens , Nicolai Dorka , Tim Welschehold , Michael Thompson , Wolfram Burgard

How can artificial agents learn to solve many diverse tasks in complex visual environments in the absence of any supervision? We decompose this question into two problems: discovering new goals and learning to reliably achieve them. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Russell Mendonca , Oleh Rybkin , Kostas Daniilidis , Danijar Hafner , Deepak Pathak

Approaches to goal recognition have progressively relaxed the requirements about the amount of domain knowledge and available observations, yielding accurate and efficient algorithms capable of recognizing goals. However, to recognize goals…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-22 Leonardo Amado , João Paulo Aires , Ramon Fraga Pereira , Maurício C. Magnaguagno , Roger Granada , Felipe Meneguzzi

It is crucial to ask how agents can achieve goals by generating action plans using only partial models of the world acquired through habituated sensory-motor experiences. Although many existing robotics studies use a forward model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Takazumi Matsumoto , Jun Tani

Driver visual attention prediction is a critical task in autonomous driving and human-computer interaction (HCI) research. Most prior studies focus on estimating attention allocation at a single moment in time, typically using static RGB…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Kaiser Hamid , Khandakar Ashrafi Akbar , Nade Liang