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In recent years, Text-to-Image (T2I) models have been extensively studied, especially with the emergence of diffusion models that achieve state-of-the-art results on T2I synthesis tasks. However, existing benchmarks heavily rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Eslam Mohamed Bakr , Pengzhan Sun , Xiaoqian Shen , Faizan Farooq Khan , Li Erran Li , Mohamed Elhoseiny

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have shown great performance in generating images based on textual prompts. However, these models are vulnerable to unsafe input to generate unsafe content like sexual, harassment and illegal-activity images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Zongyu Wu , Hongcheng Gao , Yueze Wang , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

The progress in the generation of synthetic images has made it crucial to assess their quality. While several metrics have been proposed to assess the rendering of images, it is crucial for Text-to-Image (T2I) models, which generate images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Paul Grimal , Hervé Le Borgne , Olivier Ferret , Julien Tourille

Recently, Text-to-Image (T2I) generation models have achieved significant advancements. Correspondingly, many automated metrics have emerged to evaluate the image-text alignment capabilities of generative models. However, the performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Shuhao Han , Haotian Fan , Jiachen Fu , Liang Li , Tao Li , Junhui Cui , Yunqiu Wang , Yang Tai , Jingwei Sun , Chunle Guo , Chongyi Li

The development of text-to-image (T2I) generative models, that enable the creation of high-quality synthetic images from textual prompts, has opened new frontiers in creative design and content generation. However, this paper reveals a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Zonglei Jing , Zonghao Ying , Le Wang , Siyuan Liang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

In language and vision-language models, hallucination is broadly understood as content generated from a model's prior knowledge or biases rather than from the given input. While this phenomenon has been studied in those domains, it has not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Seyed Amir Kasaei , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

Recent text-to-image (T2I) models have exhibited remarkable performance in generating high-quality images from text descriptions. However, these models are vulnerable to misuse, particularly generating not-safe-for-work (NSFW) content, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lingzhi Yuan , Xinfeng Li , Chejian Xu , Guanhong Tao , Xiaojun Jia , Yihao Huang , Wei Dong , Yang Liu , Bo Li

Aligning Text-to-Image (T2I) generation models with human preferences increasingly relies on image reward models that score or rank generated images according to prompt alignment and perceptual quality. Existing reward models are commonly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Kuei-Chun Kao , Daixuan Huo , Yuanhao Ban , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Despite the longstanding adage "an image is worth a thousand words," generating accurate hyper-detailed image descriptions remains unsolved. Trained on short web-scraped image text, vision-language models often generate incomplete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Roopal Garg , Andrea Burns , Burcu Karagol Ayan , Yonatan Bitton , Ceslee Montgomery , Yasumasa Onoe , Andrew Bunner , Ranjay Krishna , Jason Baldridge , Radu Soricut

Text-to-image (T2I) models have advanced creative content generation, yet their reliance on large uncurated datasets often reproduces societal biases. We present FairT2I, a training-free and interactive framework grounded in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jinya Sakurai , Yuki Koyama , Issei Sato

Editing images using natural language instructions has become a natural and expressive way to modify visual content; yet, evaluating the performance of such models remains challenging. Existing evaluation approaches often rely on image-text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yusu Qian , Jiasen Lu , Tsu-Jui Fu , Xinze Wang , Chen Chen , Yinfei Yang , Wenze Hu , Zhe Gan

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models achieve impressive photorealism by training on large-scale web data, but models inherit cultural biases and fail to depict underrepresented regions faithfully. Existing cultural benchmarks focus mainly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Sina Malakouti , Boqing Gong , Adriana Kovashka

Warning: This paper contains several contents that may be toxic, harmful, or offensive. In the last few years, text-to-image generative models have gained remarkable success in generating images with unprecedented quality accompanied by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Jialu Wang , Xinyue Gabby Liu , Zonglin Di , Yang Liu , Xin Eric Wang

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have shown exceptional capabilities in generating images that closely correspond to textual prompts. However, the advancement of T2I diffusion models presents significant risks, as the models could be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Jie Ren , Kangrui Chen , Yingqian Cui , Shenglai Zeng , Hui Liu , Yue Xing , Jiliang Tang , Lingjuan Lyu

Text-to-image (T2I) models have gained significant popularity. Most of these are diffusion models with unique computational characteristics, distinct from both traditional small-scale ML models and large language models. They are highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Shubham Agarwal , Subrata Mitra , Saud Iqbal

Recent agentic language models increasingly need to interact with real-world environments that contain tightly intertwined visual and textual information, often through raw camera pixels rather than separately processed images and tokenized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zhiheng Lyu , Xueguang Ma , Wenhu Chen

Text-to-image generation (T2I) refers to the text-guided generation of high-quality images. In the past few years, T2I has attracted widespread attention and numerous works have emerged. In this survey, we comprehensively review 141 works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Pengfei Yang , Ngai-Man Cheung , Xinda Ma

Existing visual reasoning benchmarks predominantly rely on natural language prompts, evaluate narrow reasoning modalities, or depend on subjective scoring procedures such as LLM-as-judge. We introduce the TACIT Benchmark, a programmatic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Daniel Nobrega Medeiros

Text-to-image generative models often reflect the biases of the training data, leading to unequal representations of underrepresented groups. This study investigates inclusive text-to-image generative models that generate images based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Cheng Zhang , Xuanbai Chen , Siqi Chai , Chen Henry Wu , Dmitry Lagun , Thabo Beeler , Fernando De la Torre

Existing text-guided image editing methods primarily rely on end-to-end pixel-level inpainting paradigm. Despite its success in simple scenarios, this paradigm still significantly struggles with compositional editing tasks that require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jinghan Yu , Junhao Xiao , Chenyu Zhu , Jiaming Li , Jia Li , HanMing Deng , Xirui Wang , Guoli Jia , Jianjun Li , Xiang Bai , Bowen Zhou , Zhiyuan Ma