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The development of the next generation of optical phase change technologies for integrated photonic and free-space platforms relies on the availability of materials that can be switched repeatedly over large volumes and with low optical…

Phase change materials (PCMs) have gained a tremendous interest as a means to actively tune nanophotonic devices through the large optical modulation produced by their amorphous to crystalline reversible transition. Recently, materials such…

Photonic Random-Access Memories (P-RAM) are an essential component for the on-chip non-von Neumann photonic computing by eliminating optoelectronic conversion losses in data links. Emerging Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have been showed…

Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are widely applied in electronic and photonic applications, such as non-volatile memory and neuro-inspired computing. Doped Sb$_2$Te alloys are now gaining increasing attention for on-chip photonic…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-08-09 Xu-Dong Wang , Wen Zhou , Hangming Zhang , Shehzad Ahmed , Tiankuo Huang , Riccardo Mazzarello , En Ma , Wei Zhang

Energy-efficient programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are the cornerstone of on-chip classical and quantum optical technologies. Optical phase shifters constitute the fundamental building blocks which enable these programmable…

The growing demand for more efficient data transmission has made nanoscale high-throughput all-optical switching a critical requirement in modern telecommunication systems. Metasurface-based platforms offer unique advantages because of…

Optical switches based on phase change materials (PCMs) hold great promise for various photonic applications such as telecommunications, data communication, optical interconnects, and signal processing. Their non-volatile nature as well as…

The integration of second-order optical nonlinearities into scalable photonic platforms remains a key challenge due to their large sensitivity to fabrication variations. Here, we present a scalable quadratic nonlinear platform that…

Recent breakthroughs in photonics-based quantum, neuromorphic and analogue processing have pointed out the need for new schemes for fully programmable nanophotonic devices. Universal optical elements based on interferometer meshes are…

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have the potential to drastically expand the capabilities of optical communications, sensing, and quantum information science and engineering. However, PICs are commonly fabricated using selective…

In recent years, wave-based analog computing has been at the center of attention for providing ultra-fast and power-efficient signal processing enabled by wave propagation through artificially engineered structures. Building on these…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-24 Vahid Nikkhah , Mario Junior Mencagli , Nader Engheta

Multi-mode optical interferometers represent the most viable platforms for the successful implementation of several quantum information schemes that take advantage of optical processing. Examples range from quantum communication, sensing…

Photonic integrated devices are progressively evolving beyond passive components into fully programmable systems, notably driven by the progress in chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) for non-volatile reconfigurable nanophotonics.…

We present a programmable silicon photonic circuit composed of cascaded multiport directional couplers interleaved with thermo-optic phase shifters. The device forms a reconfigurable interferometric network capable of realizing arbitrary $N…

Integrated quantum photonics requires compact, efficient, and low-power phase modulators. While silicon nitride (SiN) is a promising platform, existing modulators suffer from high power consumption, thermal crosstalk, or high driving…

Unlocking the full potential of integrated photonics requires versatile, multi-functional devices that can adapt to diverse application demands. However, confronting this challenge with conventional single-function resonators often results…

We analyze, design and assess the performance of a reflective reconfigurable metasurface (MS) architecture for optical wireless communications. The device is based on the Ge-Sb-Te (GST225) phase-change material (PCM) alloy, thermally…

Photonic quantum technologies enter a new phase when realized in photonic integrated circuits, leading to a great advance in practical applications. In the pursuit of high integration density and low circuit complexity, ultracompact devices…

Large port count spatial optical switches will facilitate flexible and energy efficient data movement in future data communications systems, especially if they are capable of nanosecond-order reconfiguration times. In this work, we…

Optical phase change materials (O-PCMs), a unique group of materials featuring drastic optical property contrast upon solid-state phase transition, have found widespread adoption in photonic switches and routers, reconfigurable meta-optics,…