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Shor and Grover demonstrated that a quantum computer can outperform any classical computer in factoring numbers and in searching a database by exploiting the parallelism of quantum mechanics. Whereas Shor's algorithm requires both…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-08-31 Michael N. Leuenberger , Daniel Loss

As the field of quantum computing grows, novel algorithms which take advantage of quantum phenomena need to be developed. As we are currently in the NISQ (noisy intermediate scale quantum) era, quantum algorithm researchers cannot reliably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Youssef Moawad , Andrew Brown , René Steijl , Wim Vanderbauwhede

Major obstacles remain to the implementation of macroscopic quantum computing: hardware problems of noise, decoherence, and scaling; software problems of error correction; and, most important, algorithm construction. Finding truly quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-17 Nathan Thompson , James Steck , Elizabeth Behrman

The security of the RSA cryptosystem is based on the difficulty of factoring a large number N into prime numbers p and q satisfying N=p*q . This paper presents a prime factoriaation method using D-Wave quantum computer that can threaten the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Kyungtaek Jun

The task of factoring integers poses a significant challenge in modern cryptography, and quantum computing holds the potential to efficiently address this problem compared to classical algorithms. Thus, it is crucial to develop quantum…

Performing large-scale, accurate quantum simulations of many-fermion systems is a central challenge in quantum science, with applications in chemistry, materials, and high-energy physics. Despite significant progress, realizing generic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-12 Nishad Maskara , Marcin Kalinowski , Daniel Gonzalez-Cuadra , Mikhail D. Lukin

In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, mid-circuit measurement and reset operations facilitate novel circuit optimization strategies by reducing a circuit's qubit count in a method called resizing. This paper introduces two such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-23 Siyuan Niu , Akel Hashim , Costin Iancu , Wibe Albert de Jong , Ed Younis

An efficient integer factorization algorithm would reduce the security of all variants of the RSA cryptographic scheme to zero. Despite the passage of years, no method for efficiently factoring large semiprime numbers in a classical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jacek Pomykała , Mariusz Jurkiewicz

We describe an array of quantum gates implementing Shor's algorithm for prime factorization in a quantum computer. The array includes a circuit for modular exponentiation with several subcomponents (such as controlled multipliers, adders,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Cesar Miquel , Juan Pablo Paz , Roberto Perazzo

Classical public-key cryptography standards rely on the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) encryption protocol. The security of this protocol is based on the exponential computational complexity of the most efficient classical algorithms for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Marco Tesoro , Ilaria Siloi , Daniel Jaschke , Giuseppe Magnifico , Simone Montangero

Quantum computing is a promising technology that accelerates the partial differential equations solver for practical problems. The reconstruction of solutions (i.e., the readout of quantum states) remains a crucial problem, although…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Xinchi Huang , Hirofumi Nishi , Yoshifumi Kawada , Tomofumi Zushi , Yu-ichiro Matsushita

Integer arithmetic is the underpinning of many quantum algorithms, with applications ranging from Shor's algorithm over HHL for matrix inversion to Hamiltonian simulation algorithms. A basic objective is to keep the required resources to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-13 Alex Parent , Martin Roetteler , Michele Mosca

The availability of working quantum computers has led to several proposals and claims of quantum advantage. In 2023, this has included claims that quantum computers can successfully factor large integers, by optimizing the search for nearby…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Willie Aboumrad , Dominic Widdows , Ananth Kaushik

The discrete logarithm problem (DLP) is the basis for several cryptographic primitives. Since Shor's work, it has been known that the DLP can be solved by combining a polynomial-size quantum circuit and a polynomial-time classical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Yoshinori Aono , Sitong Liu , Tomoki Tanaka , Shumpei Uno , Rodney Van Meter , Naoyuki Shinohara , Ryo Nojima

There is no unique way to encode a quantum algorithm into a quantum circuit. With limited qubit counts, connectivities, and coherence times, circuit optimization is essential to make the best use of near-term quantum devices. We introduce…

Solving the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP) is critical for evaluating the quantum security of widely deployed elliptic-curve cryptosystems. Consequently, minimizing the number of logical qubits required to execute this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Han Luo , Ziyi Yang , Ziruo Wang , Yuexin Su , Tongyang Li

Shor's powerful quantum algorithm for factoring represents a major challenge in quantum computation and its full realization will have a large impact on modern cryptography. Here we implement a compiled version of Shor's algorithm in a…

Variational algorithm using Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) can solve the prime factorization problem in near-term noisy quantum computers. Conventional Variational Quantum Factoring (VQF) requires a large number of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Ling Qiu , Mahabubul Alam , Abdullah Ash-Saki , Swaroop Ghosh

We have developed a framework to convert an arbitrary integer factorization problem to an executable Ising model by first writing it as an optimization function and then transforming the k-bit coupling ($k\geq 3$) terms to quadratic terms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-13 Shuxian Jiang , Keith A. Britt , Alexander J. McCaskey , Travis S. Humble , Sabre Kais

The quantum multicomputer consists of a large number of small nodes and a qubus interconnect for creating entangled state between the nodes. The primary metric chosen is the performance of such a system on Shor's algorithm for factoring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodney Doyle Van Meter
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