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Federated learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collaboratively train a deep learning model. One major challenge of FL is when data distribution is heterogeneous, i.e., differs from one client to another. Existing personalized FL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Haolin Yuan , Bo Hui , Yuchen Yang , Philippe Burlina , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yinzhi Cao

Federated learning (FL) has recently emerged as a popular privacy-preserving collaborative learning paradigm. However, it suffers from the non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data among clients. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Zijian Li , Jiawei Shao , Yuyi Mao , Jessie Hui Wang , Jun Zhang

We present a federated learning approach for learning a client adaptable, robust model when data is non-identically and non-independently distributed (non-IID) across clients. By simulating heterogeneous clients, we show that adding learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Laura Rieger , Rasmus M. Th. Høegh , Lars K. Hansen

Federated learning (FL) triggers intra-client and inter-client class imbalance, with the latter compared to the former leading to biased client updates and thus deteriorating the distributed models. Such a bias is exacerbated during the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Chenguang Xiao , Zheming Zuo , Shuo Wang

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) task investigates effective domain adaptation under the scenario of continuous domain shifts during testing time. Due to the utilization of solely unlabeled samples, there exists significant uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Fan Lyu , Kaile Du , Yuyang Li , Hanyu Zhao , Fuyuan Hu , Zhang Zhang , Guangcan Liu , Liang Wang

Federated Learning provides a privacy-preserving paradigm for distributed learning, but suffers from statistical heterogeneity across clients. Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) mitigates this issue by considering client-specific models.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-17 Ala Emrani , Amir Najafi , Abolfazl Motahari

Federated learning is a distributed machine learning approach where multiple clients collaboratively train a model without sharing their local data, which contributes to preserving privacy. A challenge in federated learning is managing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Rickard Brännvall

Federated learning in practice must contend with heterogeneous feature spaces, severe non-IID data, and scarce labels across clients. We present FedFusion, a federated transfer-learning framework that unifies domain adaptation and frugal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Ferdinand Kahenga , Antoine Bagula , Patrick Sello , Sajal K. Das

Personalized medication aims to tailor healthcare to individual patient characteristics. However, the heterogeneity of patient data across healthcare systems presents significant challenges to achieving accurate and effective personalized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Jiechao Gao , Yuangang Li

Since federated learning (FL) has been introduced as a decentralized learning technique with privacy preservation, statistical heterogeneity of distributed data stays the main obstacle to achieve robust performance and stable convergence in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Yanhang Shi , Siguang Chen , Haijun Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) has surged in prominence due to its capability of collaborative model training without direct data sharing. However, the vast disparity in local data distributions among clients, often termed the Non-Independent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Zheshun Wu , Zenglin Xu , Dun Zeng , Qifan Wang , Jie Liu

Federated learning (FL) commonly assumes that the server or some clients have labeled data, which is often impractical due to annotation costs and privacy concerns. Addressing this problem, we focus on a source-free domain adaptation task,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Junki Mori , Kosuke Kihara , Taiki Miyagawa , Akinori F. Ebihara , Isamu Teranishi , Hisashi Kashima

Federated Learning (FL) allows edge devices (or clients) to keep data locally while simultaneously training a shared high-quality global model. However, current research is generally based on an assumption that the training data of local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Zhe Zhang , Shiyao Ma , Jiangtian Nie , Yi Wu , Qiang Yan , Xiaoke Xu , Dusit Niyato

Personalized federated learning (pFL) aims to adapt models to client specific data distributions, yet it often fails to reliably preserve personalized information. Local training is hindered by high variance gradients induced by limited and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Dongwon Kim , Gyuejeong Lee

The main challenge in domain generalization (DG) is to handle the distribution shift problem that lies between the training and test data. Recent studies suggest that test-time training (TTT), which adapts the learned model with test data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Liang Chen , Yong Zhang , Yibing Song , Ying Shan , Lingqiao Liu

Federated learning (FL) research has made progress in developing algorithms for distributed learning of global models, as well as algorithms for local personalization of those common models to the specifics of each client's local data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Royson Lee , Minyoung Kim , Da Li , Xinchi Qiu , Timothy Hospedales , Ferenc Huszár , Nicholas D. Lane

Federated Learning (FL) aims to train a global inference model from remotely distributed clients, gaining popularity due to its benefit of improving data privacy. However, traditional FL often faces challenges in practical applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Insu Jeon , Minui Hong , Junhyeog Yun , Gunhee Kim

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising technique for training language models on distributed and private datasets of diverse tasks. However, aggregating models trained on heterogeneous tasks often degrades the overall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Gabriel U. Talasso , Meghdad Kurmanji , Allan M. de Souza , Nicholas D. Lane , Leandro A. Villas

Statistical heterogeneity severely limits the performance of federated learning (FL), motivating several explorations e.g., FedProx, MOON and FedDyn, to alleviate this problem. Despite effectiveness, their considered scenario generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Ziqing Fan , Jiangchao Yao , Ruipeng Zhang , Lingjuan Lyu , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Federated learning (FL) presents an effective solution for collaborative model training while maintaining data privacy across decentralized client datasets. However, data quality issues such as noisy labels, missing classes, and imbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Alpaslan Gokcen , Ali Boyaci