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This study presents a comprehensive empirical evaluation of six state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) for code generation, including both general-purpose and code-specialized models. Using a dataset of 944 real-world LeetCode…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Le Zhang , Suresh Kothari

Penetration testing, a crucial industrial practice for ensuring system security, has traditionally resisted automation due to the extensive expertise required by human professionals. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Víctor Mayoral-Vilches , Peng Liu , Yuekang Li , Yuan Xu , Tianwei Zhang , Yang Liu , Martin Pinzger , Stefan Rass

The resurgence of autonomous agents built using large language models (LLMs) to solve complex real-world tasks has brought increased focus on LLMs' fundamental ability of tool or function calling. At the core of these agents, an LLM must…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a broad spectrum of tasks, including natural language understanding, dialogue systems, and code generation. Despite evident progress, less attention has been paid…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Manuel Alejandro Borroto Santana , Erica Coppolillo , Francesco Calimeri , Giuseppe Manco , Simona Perri , Francesco Ricca

Automated machine learning (AutoML) accelerates AI development by automating tasks in the development pipeline, such as optimal model search and hyperparameter tuning. Existing AutoML systems often require technical expertise to set up…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Patara Trirat , Wonyong Jeong , Sung Ju Hwang

Automatically crafting test scenarios for REST APIs helps deliver more reliable and trustworthy web-oriented systems. However, current black-box testing approaches rely heavily on the information available in the API's formal documentation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Davide Corradini , Zeno Montolli , Michele Pasqua , Mariano Ceccato

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in AI-driven educational instruction and assessment, particularly within mathematics education. The capability of LLMs to generate accurate answers and detailed solutions for math…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Liang Zhang , Edith Aurora Graf

Large language models (LLMs) have limitations in handling tasks that require real-time access to external APIs. While several benchmarks like ToolBench and APIGen have been developed to assess LLMs' API-use capabilities, they often suffer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Woojeong Kim , Ashish Jagmohan , Aditya Vempaty

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on external tools and APIs to execute complex tasks specified in natural language. Evaluating such tool calling capabilities in realistic enterprise settings is challenging: APIs are often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Benjamin Elder , Anupama Murthi , Jungkoo Kang , Ankita Rajaram Naik , Kiran Kate , Kinjal Basu , Danish Contractor

In API testing, deriving logical constraints on API response bodies to be used as oracles is crucial for generating test cases and performing automated testing of RESTful APIs. However, existing approaches are restricted to dynamic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Hieu Huynh , Tri Le , Tu Nguyen , Viet Nguyen , Vu Nguyen , Tien N. Nguyen

In this paper, we present a novel approach to improving software quality and efficiency through a Large Language Model (LLM)-based model designed to review code and identify potential issues. Our proposed LLM-based AI agent model is trained…

Systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses are essential for synthesizing research insights, but they remain time-intensive and labor-intensive due to the iterative processes of screening, evaluation, and data extraction. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Pouria Rouzrokh , Bardia Khosravi , Parsa Rouzrokh , Moein Shariatnia

There is a growing need for Large Language Models (LLMs) to effectively use tools and external Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to plan and complete tasks. As such, there is tremendous interest in methods that can acquire…

Network protocol testing is fundamental for modern network infrastructure. However, traditional network protocol testing methods are labor-intensive and error-prone, requiring manual interpretation of specifications, test case design, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yunze Wei , Kaiwen Wei , Shibo Du , Jianyu Wang , Zhangzhong Liu , Yawen Wang , Zhanyou Li , Congcong Miao , Xiaohui Xie , Yong Cui

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for healthcare question answering, but clinical use is limited by weak verification, insufficient evidence grounding, and unreliable confidence signalling. We propose a multi-agent medical QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Naeimeh Nourmohammadi , Md Meem Hossain , The Anh Han , Safina Showkat Ara , Zia Ush Shamszaman

Answering complex natural language questions often necessitates multi-step reasoning and integrating external information. Several systems have combined knowledge retrieval with a large language model (LLM) to answer such questions. These…

Deep research with Large Language Model (LLM) agents is emerging as a powerful paradigm for multi-step information discovery, synthesis, and analysis. However, existing approaches primarily focus on unstructured web data, while the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Shicheng Liu , Yucheng Jiang , Sajid Farook , Camila Nicollier Sanchez , David Fernando Castro Pena , Monica S. Lam

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown significant potential in tackling diverse tasks. However, to design effective MAS, existing approaches heavily rely on manual configurations or multiple calls of advanced LLMs, resulting in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Rui Ye , Shuo Tang , Rui Ge , Yaxin Du , Zhenfei Yin , Siheng Chen , Jing Shao

Training deep learning (DL) models across Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) clusters is technically challenging. One aspect is that users have to compose command lines to adapt to the heterogeneous launchers, schedulers, affinity options, DL…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Molang Wu , Zhao Zhang

We present MAESTRO, an evaluation suite for the testing, reliability, and observability of LLM-based MAS. MAESTRO standardizes MAS configuration and execution through a unified interface, supports integrating both native and third-party MAS…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tie Ma , Yixi Chen , Vaastav Anand , Alessandro Cornacchia , Amândio R. Faustino , Guanheng Liu , Shan Zhang , Hongbin Luo , Suhaib A. Fahmy , Zafar A. Qazi , Marco Canini