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We consider error-correcting coding for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based storage using nanopore sequencing. We model the DNA storage channel as a sampling noise channel where the input data is chunked into $M$ short DNA strands, which are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Lorenz Welter , Roman Sokolovskii , Thomas Heinis , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eirik Rosnes , Alexandre Graell i Amat

DNA is an attractive medium for digital data storage. When data is stored on DNA, errors occur, which makes error-correcting coding techniques critical for reliable DNA data storage. To reduce the errors, a common technique is to include…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Franziska Weindel , Andreas L. Gimpel , Robert N. Grass , Reinhard Heckel

Storing digital data in synthetic DNA faces challenges in ensuring data reliability in the presence of edit errors--deletions, insertions, and substitutions--that occur randomly during various stages of the storage process. Current…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Serge Kas Hanna

DNA strands serve as a storage medium for $4$-ary data over the alphabet $\{A,T,G,C\}$. DNA data storage promises formidable information density, long-term durability, and ease of replicability. However, information in this intriguing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Canberk İrimağzı , Yusuf Uslan , Ahmed Hareedy

DNA Data storage has recently attracted much attention due to its durable preservation and extremely high information density (bits per gram) properties. In this work, we propose a hybrid coding strategy comprising of generalized…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Yixin Wang , Li Deng , Md. Noor-A-Rahim , Erry Gunawan , Yong L. Guan , Zhi P. Shi , Chueh L. Poh

DNA storage is a promising archival data storage solution to today's big data problem. A DNA storage system encodes and stores digital data with synthetic DNA sequences and decodes DNA sequences back to digital data via sequencing. For…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yixun Wei , Wenlong Wang , Huibing Dong , Bingzhe Li , David Du

As a possible implementation of data storage using DNA, multiple strands of DNA are stored in a liquid container so that, in the future, they can be read by an array of DNA readers in parallel. These readers will sample the strands with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Hsin-Po Wang , Venkatesan Guruswami

In this paper, we study achievable rates of concatenated coding schemes over a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) storage channel. Our channel model incorporates the main features of DNA-based data storage. First, information is stored on many,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Andreas Lenz , Lorenz Welter , Sven Puchinger

Due to their sequential nature, traditional DNA synthesis methods are expensive in terms of time and resources. They also fabricate multiple copies of the same strand, introducing redundancy. This redundancy can be leveraged to enhance the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Frederik Walter , Yonatan Yehezkeally

The synthesis of DNA strands remains the most costly part of the DNA storage system. Thus, to make DNA storage system more practical, the time and materials used in the synthesis process have to be optimized. We consider the most common…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Johan Chrisnata , Han Mao Kiah , Van Long Phuoc Pham

DNA, with remarkable properties of high density, durability, and replicability, is one of the most appealing storage media. Emerging DNA storage technologies use composite DNA letters, where information is represented by probability…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Wenkai Zhang , Zhiying Wang

We propose coding techniques that limit the length of homopolymers runs, ensure the GC-content constraint, and are capable of correcting a single edit error in strands of nucleotides in DNA-based data storage systems. In particular, for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Tuan Thanh Nguyen , Kui Cai , Kees A. Schouhamer Immink , Han Mao Kiah

The process of DNA-based data storage (DNA storage for short) can be mathematically modelled as a communication channel, termed DNA storage channel, whose inputs and outputs are sets of unordered sequences. To design error correcting codes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Wentu Song , Kui Cai , Kees A. Schouhamer Immink

DNA-based storage is an emerging technology that enables digital information to be archived in DNA molecules. This method enjoys major advantages over magnetic and optical storage solutions such as exceptional information density, enhanced…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Daniella Bar-Lev , Itai Orr , Omer Sabary , Tuvi Etzion , Eitan Yaakobi

In this paper, we study error-correcting codes for the storage of data in synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). We investigate a storage model where data is represented by an unordered set of $M$ sequences, each of length $L$. Errors…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Andreas Lenz , Paul H. Siegel , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eitan Yaakobi

DNA-based storage is an emerging storage technology that provides high information density and long duration. Due to the physical constraints in the reading and writing processes, error correction in DNA storage poses several interesting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Jin Sima , Netanel Raviv , Moshe Schwartz , Jehoshua Bruck

DNA is emerging as an increasingly attractive medium for data storage due to a number of important and unique advantages it offers, most notably the unprecedented durability and density. While the technology is evolving rapidly, the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Dehui Lin , Yasamin Tabatabaee , Yash Pote , Djordje Jevdjic

In this paper, we propose a novel iterative encoding algorithm for DNA storage to satisfy both the GC balance and run-length constraints using a greedy algorithm. DNA strands with run-length more than three and the GC balance ratio far from…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Seong-Joon Park , Yongwoo Lee , Jong-Seon No

We study the amount of reliable information that can be stored in a DNA-based storage system with noisy sequencing, where each codeword is composed of short DNA molecules. We analyze a concatenated coding scheme, where the outer code is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ran Tamir , Nir Weinberger , Albert Guillén i Fàbregas

This paper introduces a new solution to DNA storage that integrates all three steps of retrieval, namely clustering, reconstruction, and error correction. DNA-correcting codes are presented as a unique solution to the problem of ensuring…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Avital Boruchovsky , Daniella Bar-Lev , Eitan Yaakobi
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